Microphysical processes of a stratiform precipitation event over eastern China: analysis using micro rain radar data

Wang, Hong; Lei, Hongxing; Yang, Jiefan

doi:10.1007/s00376-017-7005-6

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Below 3.4 km, the concentration of small raindrops (D < 0.6 mm) decreases, whereas the concentration of medium-to-large raindrops (D > 1.0 mm) quickly increases, suggesting that collision and coalescence processes dominate at this height range. These results are consistent with previous studies [19,37,67], which concluded that significant growth in the collision and coalescence processes occurs only when small raindrops (D < 0.6 mm) are collected by large raindrops. As for CFADs of D m and log 10 N w over the Longmen, Figure 8a,c show the increased D m and decreased log 10 N w when raindrops fall from the bottom of the BB.…”

Section: Comparison Of Mrr With Disdrometersupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The MRR is also a zenith radar but is designed using frequency-modulated continuous wave technology and operating at 24.23 GHz with a wavelength of 1.24 cm. It is manufactured by Meteorologische Messtechnik GmbH (METEK), Germany, and has been widely used for precipitation and DSD studies [33][34][35][36][37][38]. The temporal resolution of the MRR is set to 60 s. Considering the significant difference in the 0 • C isotherm height in the atmosphere between the two sites as a result of their different altitudes (the melting level over Nagqu site is relatively low, mostly near 1 km, whereas that over Longmen site is much higher, approximately 4 to 5 km), the maximum detectable heights of the MRR were set to 3.1 and 6.2 km with vertical resolutions of 100 and 200 m at the Nagqu and Longmen sites, respectively.…”

Section: Instruments and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study on the Vertical Structures and Microphysical Properties of Stratiform Precipitation over South China and the Tibetan Plateau

Zheng

Zeng³

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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Under different water vapor and dynamic conditions, and the influence of topographies and atmospheric environments, stratiform precipitation over South China and the Tibetan Plateau can produce different features. In this study, stratiform precipitation vertical characteristics, bright-band (BB) microstructures, and the vertical variations of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) over a low-altitude site (Longmen site, 86 m) in South China and a high-altitude site (Nagqu site, 4507 m) on the Tibetan Plateau were comprehensively investigated and compared using measurements from a Ka-band millimeter-wave cloud radar (CR), a K-band microrain radar (MRR), and a Parsivel disdrometer (disdrometer). A reliable BB identification scheme was proposed on the basis of CR variables and used for stratiform precipitation sample selection and further statistics and analysis. Results indicate that melting layers over the Longmen are much higher and slightly thicker than those over the Nagqu due to significant differences in atmospheric conditions. For stratiform precipitation, vertical air motions and radar variables over the two sites show different variation trends from cloud top to the ground. Vertical air motions are very weak in the stratiform precipitation over the Longmen, whereas updrafts are more active over the Nagqu. Above the melting layer, radar equivalent reflectivity factor Ze (mean Doppler velocity VM) gradually increases (decreases) as height decreases over the two sites, but the aggregation rate for ice particles over the Longmen can be faster. In the melting layer, Ze (VM) at the BB bottom/center over the Longmen is larger (smaller) than those over the Nagqu for the reason that melted raindrops in the melting layers over the Longmen are larger than those over the Nagqu. Below the melting layer, profiles of radar variables and DSDs show completely different behaviors over the two sites, which reflects that the collision, coalescence, evaporation, and breakup processes of raindrops are different between the two sites. Over the Longmen, collision and coalescence dominate the precipitation properties; in particular, from 2.0–2.8 km, the breakup process competes with collision–coalescence processes but later is overpowered. In contrast, due to the lower BB heights over the Nagqu, collision and coalescence dominate raindrop properties. Comparisons of raindrop spectra suggest that the concentration of small (medium-to-large) raindrops over the Nagqu is much higher (slightly lower) than that over the Longmen. Therefore, the mass-weighted mean diameter Dm (the generalized intercept parameter Nw) over the Nagqu is smaller (larger) than that over the Longmen.

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Section: Comparison Of Mrr With Disdrometersupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Instruments and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on the Vertical Structures and Microphysical Properties of Stratiform Precipitation over South China and the Tibetan Plateau

Zheng

Zeng³

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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“…We calculated the BB strength (∆Z) by taking the difference in the average value of Ze between Bright Band Height (BBH) and BB-bottom. The strength of BB is necessary to identify the number and size of the raindrop during their formation [43]. (2.41).…”

Section: -1-vertical Characteristics Of Stratiform Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Characteristics of Raindrops Size Distribution over Sumatra Region from Global Precipitation Measurement Observation

Ramadhan

Marzuki

Harmadi³

2021

Emerg Sci J

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The climatology of the vertical profile of raindrops size distribution (DSD) over Sumatra Region (10° S – 10° N, 90° E – 110° E) has been investigated using Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) level 2 data from January 2015 to June 2018. DSD's vertical profile was observed through a vertical profile of corrected radar reflectivity (Ze) and two parameters of normalized gamma DSD, i.e., mass-weight mean diameter (Dm) and total drops concentration (Nw). Land-ocean contrast and rain type dependence of DSD over Sumatra were clearly observed. The values of Dm and Nw were larger in the land than in the ocean. Negative and positive gradients of Dm toward the surface were dominant during stratiform and convective rains, respectively, consistent with the Z gradient. Moreover, the negative gradient of stratiform rain in the ocean is larger than in land. Thus, the depletion of large drops is dominant over the ocean, which is due to the break-up process that can be observed from the increase of Nw. Raindrop growth of convective rains is more robust over the ocean than land that can be seen from a larger value of Dmgradient. The BB strength is slightly larger over land and coastal region than over the ocean, indicating that the riming process is more dominant over land and coastal regions than the ocean. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01274 Full Text: PDF

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“…The MRR retrieves basically the Doppler spectra of the falling droplets and radar reflectivity where parameters like the mean fall velocity, droplet concentration, rain liquid water content, and rain rate are derived from. The details of the parameters derivation can be found in [9,[36][37][38]. The MRR records these parameters for all the vertical profile.…”

Section: Micro Rain Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering of Rainfall Types Using Micro Rain Radar and Laser Disdrometer Observations in the Tropical Andes

et al. 2021

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Lack of rainfall information at high temporal resolution in areas with a complex topography as the Tropical Andes is one of the main obstacles to study its rainfall dynamics. Furthermore, rainfall types (e.g., stratiform, convective) are usually defined by using thresholds of some rainfall characteristics such as intensity and velocity. However, these thresholds highly depend on the local climate and the study area. In consequence, these thresholds are a constraining factor for the rainfall class definitions because they cannot be generalized. Thus, this study aims to analyze rainfall-event types by using a data-driven clustering approach based on the k-means algorithm that allows accounting for the similarities of rainfall characteristics of each rainfall type. It was carried out using three years of data retrieved from a vertically pointing Micro Rain Radar (MRR) and a laser disdrometer. The results show two main rainfall types (convective and stratiform) in the area which highly differ in their rainfall features. In addition, a mixed type was found as a subgroup of the stratiform type. The stratiform type was found more frequently throughout the year. Furthermore, rainfall events of short duration (less than 70 min) were prevalent in the study area. This study will contribute to analyze the rainfall formation processes and the vertical profile.

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Microphysical processes of a stratiform precipitation event over eastern China: analysis using micro rain radar data

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

A Comparative Study on the Vertical Structures and Microphysical Properties of Stratiform Precipitation over South China and the Tibetan Plateau

A Comparative Study on the Vertical Structures and Microphysical Properties of Stratiform Precipitation over South China and the Tibetan Plateau

Vertical Characteristics of Raindrops Size Distribution over Sumatra Region from Global Precipitation Measurement Observation

Clustering of Rainfall Types Using Micro Rain Radar and Laser Disdrometer Observations in the Tropical Andes

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