Microphysiological systems

Engineered Microphysiological Systems for Testing Effectiveness of Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies

“…There are few existing models that can replicate continuous interactions and chemokine signaling between cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) while also evaluating the preclinical efficacy of novel and personalized cancer therapeutics. Effective prediction of clinical outcomes is needed during preclinical testing of drug candidates to reduce high attrition rates in drug development [ 20 , 21 ]. In this context, engineered living systems using microphysiological technology represent one of the future platforms for in vitro experimentation and translational research, such as the testing of cell therapies (CAR T, CAR NK), innovative compounds and nanocarriers, and improving the reliability of models that mimic a broad spectrum of pathologies [ 14 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…MPS using microfluidic technology have some of the characteristics of other advanced models (3D bioprinting and organoids) [ 25 ], such as dynamic 3D culture with complex microenvironment to mimic cell–cell interactions [ 15 , 20 , 109 , 110 ]. MPS have shown the ability to recapitulate key microenvironmental characteristics of human organs and mimic their primary functions [ 106 ].…”

“…One opportunity is to model systemic metastasis using a multi-organ-on-chip or body-on-chip system. The metastatic spread might be modeled from a vascularized lung model to the brain, passing through either the blood vasculature or lymphatic network via lymph nodes [ 20 ]. These systems will still be simplistic representations of organ interactions, far from in vivo models in mice or humanized mice [ 120 , 121 ], but with the advantages of using exclusively human cells and enabling observation and control in real-time.…”