Microplastics are present in women’s and cows’ follicular fluid and polystyrene microplastics compromise bovine oocyte function<i>in vitro</i>

Grechi, Nicole; Franko, Roksan; Rajaraman, Roshini; Stoeckl, Jan B.; Trapphoff, Tom; Dieterle, Stefan; Fröhlich, Thomas; Noonan, Michael; Ferraz, Marcia de Almeida Monteiro Melo

doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.514813

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Organisms can digest particles smaller than 150 µm, which may then pass through the intestinal wall and enter lymph nodes and other body organs (10). Recent reports suggested that MPs can accumulate in humans' lungs and digestive tract and then be scattered into blood, placenta, and female follicular fluid (11)(12)(13). In wastewater and surface sediments, polystyrene MPs (PSMPs) are the most often found MPs (14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene microplastics induced nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in juvenile rats

et al. 2023

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IntroductionUnintended intake of microplastic particles has been demonstrated to exert adverse health effects, however, studies on relevant nephrotoxicity in juvenile mammals are lacking.MethodsTherefore, we investigated the potential nephrotoxicity of oral-exposed polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) (1,000 nm, 2.0 mg/kg/d) for 28 days in juvenile rats. Levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in kidneys were analyzed.Results and discussionResults revealed that PSMPs noticeably decreased the growth rate of bodyweight, and organ index of the kidney, cardiac, and ovary. The intestinal injury caused by PSMPs exposure was also observed, which was distinctly alleviated with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and Salubrinal (Sal) treatment compared with the single PSMPs group. PSMPs caused histological lesions of the kidney via disrupting the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), and pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, PSMPs exposure induced ER stress and inflammation presumably potentially mediated by oxidative stress in kidneys of rats. Eventually, PSMPs also promoted renal cells apoptosis, manifested as an obvious increase in the number of positive cells for the dUTP nick end labeling of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, which also can be confirmed by the elevated expression of genes associated with apoptosis Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-12, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and IHC score of Caspase-12 in the PSMPs group. Supplementation of NAC and Sal not only ameliorated the PSMPs-induced oxidative stress and ER stress but also the inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney. Collectively, this study suggested that PSMPs caused nephrotoxicity in juvenile rats potentially through oxidative damage and ER stress, which call for greater efforts to be taken on regulating the PSMPs ingestion in children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene microplastics induced nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in juvenile rats

et al. 2023

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“…Following Grechi et al (2022), a confocal Raman spectroscope (alpha300 R, WITec, Germany) with a spectrometer (UHTS 300, WITec, Germany), and a 532 nm laser was used for the characterization of the microplastics. The microscope was operated by using the Control Five software, which allowed the imaging of the whole membrane area using a ×50 NA 0.75 Zeiss objective.…”

Section: Analysis Of Isolated Microplastics By Confocal Raman Spectro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lowest fibre detection was in the laminar flow filters (3.7%), while 50% of the fume hood samples presented microfiber contamination. To demonstrate the importance of reliable, low-contamination blanks, we used raw data on the number of MPs detected in a human follicular fluid sample from Grechi et al (2022) that was processed in a laminar flow. We then adjusted the MPs concentration in this sample to the 9 blanks we investigated here, as well as to the original blank from Grechi et al (2022) that was produced in parallel to the sample processing.…”

Section: Laboratory Mps Contamination Is a Reality That Needs To Be T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To demonstrate the importance of reliable, low-contamination blanks, we used raw data on the number of MPs detected in a human follicular fluid sample from Grechi et al (2022) that was processed in a laminar flow. We then adjusted the MPs concentration in this sample to the 9 blanks we investigated here, as well as to the original blank from Grechi et al (2022) that was produced in parallel to the sample processing. The blank correction was carried out by subtracting the number of particle detected in the water blanks from the corresponding particles detected in the follicular fluid sample, for each specific plastic polymer individually.…”

Section: Laboratory Mps Contamination Is a Reality That Needs To Be T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then quantified the amount of MP contamination in each of these samples throughout an otherwise normal MP isolation and quantification process. As a further demonstration of the importance of blanks, we corrected a human follicular fluid sample that was previously analyzed in our laboratory (Grechi et al, 2022) to each of these blanks, and compared the results obtained under the different protocols. Second, we reviewed the open…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics analytics: why we should not underestimate the importance of blank controls

Noonan¹,

Greshi

Mills³

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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Recent years have seen considerable scientific attention devoted towards documenting the presence of microplastics (MPs) in environmental samples. Due to omnipresence of environmental microplastics, however, disentangling environmental MPs from sample contamination is a challenge. Hence, the environmental (collection site and laboratory) microplastics contamination of samples during processing is a reality that we must address, in order to generate reproducible and reliable data. Here we investigated published literature and have found that around 1/5 of studies failed to use blank controls in their experiments. Additionally, only 34% of the studies used a controlled air environment for their samples processing (laminar flow, fume hood, closed laboratory, clean room, etc.). In that regard, we have also shown that preparing samples in the fume hood, leads to more microplastics contamination than preparing it in the laboratory bench and the laminar flow. Although it did not completely prevent microplastics contamination, the processing of sample inside the laminar flow is the best option to reduce sample contamination during processing. Overall, we showed that blank controls are a must in microplastics sample preparation, but it is often overlooked by researchers.

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Microplastics analytics: why we should not underestimate the importance of blank controls

Noonan,

Grechi,

Mills

et al. 2023

Micropl.&Nanopl.

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Recent years have seen considerable scientific attention devoted towards documenting the presence of microplastics (MPs) in environmental samples. Due to omnipresence of environmental microplastics, however, disentangling environmental MPs from sample contamination is a challenge. Hence, the environmental (collection site and laboratory) microplastics contamination of samples during processing is a reality that we must address, in order to generate reproducible and reliable data. Here we investigated published literature and have found that around 1/5 of studies failed to use blank controls in their experiments. Additionally, only 34% of the studies used a controlled air environment for their sample processing (laminar flow, fume hood, closed laboratory, clean room, etc.). In that regard, we have also shown that preparing samples in the fume hood, leads to more microplastics > 1 μm) contamination than preparing it in the laboratory bench and the laminar flow. Although it did not completely prevent microplastics contamination, the processing of sample inside the laminar flow is the best option to reduce sample contamination during processing. Overall, we showed that blank controls are a must in microplastics sample preparation, but it is often overlooked by researchers. Graphical Abstract

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Microplastics are present in women’s and cows’ follicular fluid and polystyrene microplastics compromise bovine oocyte functionin vitro

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

Polystyrene microplastics induced nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in juvenile rats

Polystyrene microplastics induced nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in juvenile rats

Microplastics analytics: why we should not underestimate the importance of blank controls

Microplastics analytics: why we should not underestimate the importance of blank controls

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