“…Especially in terrestrial ecosystems, the application of sludge-derived biosolids containing plastic residues, compostable products (degradable food bags or certain materials for medical and personal care containing MPs), and agricultural mulch films lead to great deposition of biodegradable plastic debris and MPs. , Recently, biodegradable plastics that can be mineralized by biotic forces (including microbial degradation and enzymatic degradation) have been booming and considered as alternatives to conventional nonbiodegradable plastics in wide applications . However, recent studies suggested that the incomplete degradation of biodegradable polymers under natural conditions might result in the production of a large amount of biodegradable MPs in a concentrated time period. , Numerous scientific publications have reported that biodegradable MPs could pose risks to the terrestrial eco-environments before complete degradation. ,,− Similar to the nondegradable MPs, the presence of biodegradable MPs in soil could damage the soil structure and increase the formation of water flow channels and evaporation rates, leading to drought and cracking. , In addition, the biodegradable MPs and degradation products could alter the soil pH and the organic carbon or nitrogen cycle, thereby altering plant developments or modifying soil microbiome profiles. ,, However, the impacts caused by biodegradable MPs on terrestrial systems were usually contradictory (positive, negative, or insignificant effects), especially on plant growth and microbial community diversity or richness. − This indicated that the evaluation of biodegradable MPs’ ecological effects should be conducted in certain scenarios and other factors should be taken into consideration.…”