Micropollutant abatement by the UV/chloramine process in potable water reuse: A review

Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in freshwater aquaculture wastewater by a CNBN membrane: mechanism, antibacterial activity, and cyclability

“…, Cl 2 ˙ − ) (eqn (17)). 68,69 ˙OH + NO 2 − → ˙NO 2 + OH − ˙OH + NO 3 − → ˙NO 3 + OH − ˙OH + Cl − → ClOH˙ − ClOH˙ − + H + → ˙Cl + H 2 O˙Cl + Cl − → Cl 2 ˙ − In addition, the photocatalytic efficiency of CIP was improved under acidic conditions (Fig. S6†).…”

“…67 It has been observed that NO 3 − , NO 2 − , and Cl − typically reacted with ROSs to generate reactive nitrogenous radicals (RNS) and reactive chlorinated radicals (RCS) such as ˙NO 3 , ˙NO 2 , and ˙Cl (eqn ( 13)-( 16)). 68 The slight inhibition of NO 3 − and NO 2 − on the degradation of CIP can be explained by the consumption of ˙OH. Although RNS have been documented to oxidize organic matter, 31 they are selective and their oxidizing capacities are lower than that of ˙OH.…”

“…The degradation of CIP might have been inhibited by Cl − due to the production of RCS with lower oxidizing ability (e.g., Cl 2 ˙−) (eqn ( 17)). 68,69 ˙OH + NO 2 − → ˙NO 2 + OH − (13)…”

Misconceptions about the chemistry of aqueous chlorine atoms and HClOH˙(aq), and a revised mechanism for the photochemical peroxydisulfate/chloride reaction

“…11 Here we report an additional 37 publications that have mechanisms including this loop. 51,64,65,[67][68][69][70][71][81][82][83]85,[87][88][89][90][92][93][94][95]97,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][108][109][110][111][112][113]118,119 In our previous report we showed that correcting Loop ''D'' by supplying the requisite value for the reverse rate constant in the first step had no effect on the simulations of the overall mechanism in one of the publications. This outcome was traced to the fact that the first step could be eliminated entirely without affecting the results of the simulation.…”

“…Two examples of published illegal loops involving HClOH˙ are discussed below. A total of 18 such illegal loops have been published, 10,18,20,21,23,26,27,30–33,35,39,40,46–118 and these are described in the ESI †…”