Microporosity Structure of Coarse Granular Soils

Zhang, Li Min; Li, X.

doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000348

Cited by 115 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Studies have shown clay structures to exhibit dualporosity [35,36]: an intra-aggregate region at the nanometer scale, which contributes little to the effective porosity in which conductivity is possible [19,37], and an interaggregate region at the micron scale, which decreases with increasing dry density and saturation [20,38]. The relatively high Proctor densities and saturation of mixture A and the till suggest they are dominated by intraaggregate porosity.…”

Section: Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• The proportion of clay to silt and sand should not allow for shrinkage to form cracks in the compacted mass during dehydration, as these would significantly increase permeability during any subsequent hydration [20].…”

Section: Theory Of Waterproofing With Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides retarding flow-rate, this will constrict pore space and further reduce permeability as the clay minerals expand or peptise into open porespace. In order for this mechanism to take full effect, outward volumetric expansion (heave) of the clay mass must be restrained [19,20].…”

Section: Theory Of Waterproofing With Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clay barriers for protecting historic buildings from ground moisture intrusion

2017

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Background: Conservators and architects working with built heritage at risk from ground moisture intrusion face a difficult choice. Leaving the building unprotected can lead to moisture related deterioration; installing vertical and/ or horizontal barriers using standard materials requires chemical or mechanical intervention with the historic fabric. The use of compacted clay to form a barrier is commonplace in some areas of environmental engineering, and can be applied to built heritage conservation. Naturally occurring or slightly modified soils were traditionally used for protecting buildings in a number of vernacular techniques. Knowledge of what types of soils are suitable for use could provide certain regions with a low-cost, low-impact alternative for protecting historic buildings. Three commercially available products previously shown to have low hydraulic conductivity were analysed in order to identify waterproofing mechanisms; these included two specialised bentonite-sand mixtures and a Saxonian glacial till. Results:The till relies on a high proportion of densely agglomerated fine grains to achieve a low permeability when consolidated, possibly assisted by the presence of calcite. The specialised mixtures rely on an engineered grain size distribution, with practically no silt sized grains, and a fraction of sodium bentonites capable of forming colloidal suspension when compacted. All materials showed a low risk of shrinkage when compacted at optimum moisture content. Conclusion:Different mechanisms appear to account for the low hydraulic conductivities found in clay barrier material. The implication is that a range of soil material may be suitable for protecting built heritage from ground moisture intrusion and its associated decay mechanisms. The suitability of glacial till may present large areas of Northern Europe with locally available barrier material.

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Section: Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theory Of Waterproofing With Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clay barriers for protecting historic buildings from ground moisture intrusion

2017

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“…Using this approach, it can be seen that the strength of an RE component is controlled by a number of factors including the clay content [14][15][16][17], water content [18][19][20][21], interparticle friction and angularity [22], suction [23][24][25][26][27] and the properties of the particle surfaces which are in contact or in near contact [28][29][30]. These factors can all be related to the soil microstructure, namely the soil pore-and particle size distributions and the distribution of water within the voids, to name three primary properties [31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure creation in earthen construction materials: information from dry soil mixtures

Beckett

Augarde

2011

Front. Archit. Civ. Eng. China

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There is increasing interest in the use of earthen construction materials, such as rammed earth, due to their inherent sustainability. These materials have been used by man for thousands of years and some of the earliest examples can be found in China. Features of the structures of these materials arise from the means of production. In particular, in situ earthen construction materials exhibit strong anisotropy due to their layered nature. A more subtle structure effect arises from the way that the earth mixture is deposited. This paper reviews and discusses stratification effects in dry soil mixtures, including some original experimental work, and indicates some links between the features of the dry mixtures and earthen construction materials. Improved understanding of the physical processes in play will allow more accurate specification of these materials in the future, and hence spread their use.

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“…Soils often exhibit a variety of heterogeneities, such as fractures, cracks, macropores of biotic origin, and interaggregate pores (Novak et al, 2000;Zhang and Li, 2010). Preferential flow due to anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity or due to flow through relic joints may be present in natural soils (Zhang et al, 2000).…”

Section: Infiltration In Heterogeneous Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability analysis of rainfall-induced slope failure: a review

Zhang

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnica

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263

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Rainfall is one of the most significant triggering factors for slope failures in many regions around the world.Numerous research studies have been conducted to investigate infiltration of rainwater into a slope, and the effect of water infiltration on slope stability. In this paper, a review of existing research on infiltration analysis and slope stability analysis under rainfall infiltration is presented. Studies on infiltration analysis with conceptual models, analytical analysis and numerical modelling are first reviewed. The typical pore water pressure profiles in the slope are then discussed. Subsequently, recent developments in analyses of slope instabilities under rainfall conditions using the limit equilibrium method and coupled hydro-mechanical modelling are summarised, and major findings on critical hydrological factors related to rainfall-induced landslides are summarised and discussed. Finally, several research topics are suggested for further study.

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Microporosity Structure of Coarse Granular Soils

Cited by 115 publications

References 59 publications

Clay barriers for protecting historic buildings from ground moisture intrusion

Clay barriers for protecting historic buildings from ground moisture intrusion

Structure creation in earthen construction materials: information from dry soil mixtures

Stability analysis of rainfall-induced slope failure: a review

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