“…Conventional micropropagation and micropropagation by etiolation of nodal segments are methods that have been previously studied for production of pineapple plantlets. Various protocols have been described in the literature (Kiss, Kiss, Gyulai, & Heszky, 1995;Guerra, Dal Vesco, Pescador, Schuelter, & Nodari, 1999;Barboza & Caldas, 2001;Carvalho et al, 2005;Souza et al, 2010;2012b;Santos, Barbosa, Vieira, & Carvalho, 2015;Reinhardt et al, 2018;Taha, Ibrahim, Gaafar, Zaied, & Shamma, 2019), but no previous study has compared the techniques in vitro, as done in this work.…”