Micropropagation of an endangered Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

Abstract

Santalum album is known as East Indian sandalwood. It is the most economically important tree harvested for heartwood oil, and India is among the chief exporters of sandalwood and its products. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal shoot segments derived from a 50-to 60-year-old candidate plus tree (CPT) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.53 mM a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 11.09 mM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). In vitro differentiated shoots were multiplied on MS medium with 0.53 mM NAA, 4.44 mM BA, and additives: 283.93 mM ascorbic acid, 118.10 mM citric acid, 104.04 mM cystine, 342.24 mM glutamine, and 10% (v/v) coconut milk. New shoots were harvested repeatedly for up to three subculture passages on fresh medium at 4-week intervals. Microshoots treated with 98.4 mM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 48 h produced roots on growth-regulator-free, quarter-strength MS basal salts medium with vitamin B 5 and 2% sucrose. In vitro root induction was achieved from microshoots pulsed with 1230 mM IBA for 30 min in soilrite rooting medium. The percentage of rooting in soilrite was higher than that for agar medium, and in vitro raised plants were established in the field and showed normal growth.

Rapid multiplication of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.: a timber yielding tree legume through axillary shoot proliferation and ex vitro rooting

“…The treatment of explants with chilled, sterile antioxidant solution checked excessive phenolic exudation and browning of tissue and cultures (Phulwaria et al 2012a, b). It has been observed in woody plants that antioxidant solutions may promote growth and development of the shoots particularly at the stage of culture establishment (Shekhawat et al 1993;Sanjaya et al 2006;Rai et al 2010). Explants were cultured on 0.8 % agar-gelled MS medium containing BAP or Kn for shoot bud induction.…”

In vitro plant regeneration from nodal segments of the spontaneous F1 hybrid Santalum yasi × S. album and its parents S. album and S. yasi

“…Three-month-old shoots about 3-4 cm in height obtained from adventitious bud culture described above were cut and transferred to MS medium containing 0.89-4.44 lM BA alone, or in combination with 0.27-2.69 lM NAA or 1.43-5.71 lM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (Sigma-Aldrich) according to Sanjaya et al (2006), with minor modifications. After 30 days, shoot proliferation coefficient (SPC) was calculated as the number of adventitious shoots after inoculation/number of adventitious shoots before inoculation.…”

“…A protocol does exist for S. album, S. yasi, and its hybrids, but regeneration was largely unsuccessful, and data were very preliminary (Baiculacula 2012). For S. album, however, successful protocols exist for the induction of adventitious shoots from young shoots (Lakshmi Sita et al 1979;Rao and Raghava Ram 1983), nodal shoot segments Bapta 1978, 1993;Rugkhla and Jones 1998;Sanjaya et al 2006;Janarthanam andSumathi 2011), zygotic embryos (Ravishankar and, endosperm (Rangaswamy and Rao 1963), and leaves (Mujib 2005;Bele et al 2012;Singh et al 2013). Most of these studies used Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) basal medium to induce and proliferate shoots and an optimized combination of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on MS medium resulted in the induction of adventitious shoots in S. album (Rao and Bapta 1978;Bapat and Rao 1984;Rao and Bapat 1993;Muthan et al 2006;Sanjaya et al 2006).…”

Selection and Mass Production of Santalum Album L. Calli for Induction of Sesquiterpenes

“…Rooting was attempted starting from newly obtained shoots of Santalum album with different hormonal combinations on solid MS medium or by immersion in a naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; Sigma-Aldrich Co.) liquid medium as described in Sanjaya et al (18).…”

“…2d) were successfully obtained on the medium MS + Kin (2.32 µM). The newly obtained shoots of Santalum album unfortunately failed to root despite many trials with different hormonal combinations on solid MS medium or by immersion in a naphthalene acetic acid (nAA) liquid medium as described in Sanjaya et al (18). Although rooting was not obtained, these shoots proved to be usable as explants sources for further callus mass production.…”