Micropropagation of Bamboo Species Through Axillary Shoot Proliferation

A Concise Review of Dendrocalamus asper and Related Bamboos: Germplasm Conservation, Propagation and Molecular Biology

“…Several researchers have documented alternative methods for controlling contaminants, such as using light and heat [117], as well as microwave and hot water treatment [118]. Obtaining contaminant-free bamboo explants has been difficult in some cases [119]. Most researchers have relied on chemicals to control contaminants during plant in vitro propagation, and just a few papers focused on explant disinfection [120,121].…”

“…[115]. Among them, mercuric chloride (HgCl 2 ) proved to be the best sterilant for nodal explants, while sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is preferred by some other authors [119]. It is suggested that 0.1% HgCl 2 was the most efficient for nodal bamboo disinfection, since a high concentration of HgCl 2 could minimize the plant's growth due to the chemical's impact on the internal tissues [125], while the surface sterilization of seeds is usually accomplished by treating them with 0.05-0.1% HgCl 2 for 15-20 min [126].…”

Effects of a commercial biocide, kasugamycin and consistency of the culture medium on the in vitro establishment of bamboo1

“…Since there is a high diversity of bamboo species, it is difficult to obtain a single micropropagation protocol that works for all of them. Therefore, there is a need to test and refine in vitro culture conditions for each species/genus (Jiménez & Guevara 2007).…”

“…Some authors report difficulty in establishing explants of different bamboo species in vitro due to high contamination rates (Das & Pal 2005, Jiménez et al 2006, Jiménez & Guevara 2007, Yasodha et al 2008, Singh et al 2013a, Mudoi et al 2014. For bamboo, the antifungal agents benomyl, carbendazim and mancozeb (Ramanayake & Yakandawala 1997, Jiménez & Guevara 2007, Singh et al 2013b, Mudoi et al 2014 and the antibiotics agrimycin, kanamycin, streptomycin and gentamycin (Jiménez & Guevara 2007, Nadha et al 2012, Mudoi et al 2014 have been widely used for the disinfection of explants prior to placing in vitro.…”

“…PPM TM penetrates the cell wall of microorganisms and inhibits several key enzymes in the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain, acting as a biocide of broad spectrum. Studies on various species of bamboo indicate that the use of PPM TM in the cultivation medium at concentrations of 0.1-20 % during the initial stages of in vitro cultivation resultes in lower contamination rates (Jiménez et al 2006, Jiménez & Guevara 2007, Ogita et al 2008, Mudoi et al 2013.…”