Micropropagation of Plum (Prunus domestica L.) in Bioreactors Using Photomixotrophic and Photoautotrophic Conditions

Abstract

In this study, we propagated two old Galician plum varieties in liquid medium using a temporary immersion system with RITA© bioreactors. Environmental variables including culture system, light intensity, CO2 enrichment, immersion frequency and sucrose supplementation were evaluated in relation to in vitro proliferation, physiological status and ex vitro performance. Bioreactors were superior to jars for culturing shoots in photomixotrophic conditions, producing up to 2 times more shoot numbers and up to 1.7 times more shoot length (depending on the genotype) using shoot clusters. The number and quality of shoots were positively influenced by the sucrose concentration in the medium, plus by the light and gaseous environment. For individual apical sections the best response occurred with 3% sucrose, 150 µmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density and 2000 ppm CO2, averaging 2.5 shoots per explant, 26 mm shoot length and 240 mm2 leaf area, while with 50 µmol m−2 s−1 light and ambient CO2 (400 ppm) values decreased to 1.2 shoots per explant, 14 mm of shoot length and 160 mm2 of leaf area. Shoots cultured photoautotrophically (without sucrose) were successfully rooted and acclimated despite of showing limited growth, low photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate, phenolic and antioxidant contents during the multiplication phase.

A Temporary Immersion System to Improve Cannabis sativa Micropropagation

“…The use of CO 2 -enriched air to develop autotrophy has been recommended for several authors (Zobayed, 2005 ; Xiao et al, 2011 ; Nguyen et al, 2020 ). These conditions were applied to plum and chestnut to reduce the sucrose concentration when these species were cultured by TIS in RITA® and Plantform™ bioreactors (Gago et al, 2022a , b ), and could also represent a useful approach to proliferate cannabis shoots photoautotrophically by TIS.…”

Bioreactor systems for micropropagation of plants: present scenario and future prospects

“…These systems are convenient for handling and culturing; however, no provisions for medium renewal and forced ventilation are some issues ( Georgiev et al., 2014 ). RITA has been used for the propagation of plants such as lingonberry, lowbush blueberry, and plum ( Debnath, 2008 ; Debnath, 2009 ; Arigundam et al., 2020 ; Gogo et al., 2022 ). However, some plants regenerated in this system develop hyperhydricity; therefore, this system requires further improvement of air circulation.…”

Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications

“…Photoautotrophic micro-propagation refers to sucrose-free propagation in culture media, in which carbohydrate accumulation in tissues grown under in vitro conditions and subsequent growth occur entirely depending upon photosynthesis and the presence of inorganic nutrients ( Kozai, 2010 ; Gago et al., 2022 ). The use of photoautotrophic cultures is proven to be useful way of investigating various aspects of photosynthesis, source-sink regulation, nitrogen metabolism, production of secondary metabolites, and defense response subjects ( Segečová et al., 2019 ).…”