Microreactors for elemental fluorine

Microchemical systems: Status, challenges, and opportunities

“…The high heat-and mass-transfer rates possible in microfluidic systems could allow reactions to be performed under more aggressive conditions with higher yields than achievable with conventional reactors. More importantly, new reaction pathways deemed too difficult in conventional microscopic equipment, e.g., direct fluorination of aromatic compounds (Chambers and Spink, 1999), could be pursued. Even if a microreactor failed, the small quantity of chemicals released accidentally could be easily contained.…”

Micro reactors: principles and applications in organic synthesis

“…Chambers and Spink 73,74 have reported the use of micro reactors for the¯uorination and per¯uorination of organic compounds using elemental¯uorine. A nickel or copper micro reactor was used for the investigation and the liquid reactants and solvents were introduced into the reaction chamber via a syringe using a syringe-pump.…”

Fluid dynamics of flow through microscale lattice structures formed from self‐propagating photopolymer waveguides

“…This has resulted in the development of microreactors composed of thin catalysts with microscale features, with the resulting high surface areas per length or volume of such structures offering an ideal environment for catalysis or mass transfer. 15,16 The mass transfer coefficients of packed-bed reactors at this size scale have been experimentally shown to be multiple orders of magnitude greater than their macroscale counterparts. 17 However, three-dimensional microfabrication techniques such as LIGA, 18 UV lithography using SU-8 photoresist, 19 microstereolithography, 20 and multistep rapid prototyping 21 present limitations in the maximum thickness, surface area, 22 production costs and creation of three-dimensional complexity, thereby restricting the range of possible Reynolds numbers and reagent quantities.…”