MicroRNA-183/96/182 cluster in immunity and autoimmunity

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in ubiquitous biological processes, including immune-related pathways. This review focuses on the miR-183/96/182 cluster (miR-183C), which contains three miRNAs, miR-183, -96, and -182, having almost identical seed sequences with minor differences. The similarity among seed sequences allows these three miRNAs to act cooperatively. In addition, their minor differences permit them to target distinct genes and regulate unique pathways. The expression of miR-183C was initially identified in sensory organs. Subsequently, abnormal expression of miR-183C miRNAs in various cancers and autoimmune diseases has been reported, implying their potential role in human diseases. The regulatory effects of miR-183C miRNAs on the differentiation and function of both innate and adaptive immune cells have now been documented. In this review, we have discussed the complex role of miR-183C in the immune cells in both normal and autoimmune backgrounds. We highlighted the dysregulation of miR-183C miRNAs in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and ocular autoimmune disorders, and discussed the potential for utilizing miR-183C as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of specific autoimmune diseases.

Highlight of 2023: big impacts of microRNAs in T cells

“…The impacts of microRNAs on cellular biology are extensive, regulating diverse cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation and effector functions. Abnormalities in microRNA pathways are increasingly associated with various diseases, including those involving the immune system 2 . The complex and indispensable roles of microRNAs in immune cells continue to be a focus of investigation by the field.…”

“…Abnormalities in microRNA pathways are increasingly associated with various diseases, including those involving the immune system. 2 The complex and indispensable roles of microRNAs in immune cells continue to be a focus of investigation by the field. In 2023, several significant discoveries on the regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs in immunity were reported, particularly in T cells.…”

Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications

“…miRNAs are powerful regulators of various cellular activities including differentiation, cell growth and 2 of 28 apoptosis [10]. Dysregulation and abnormal expression of miRNAs have been linked to multiple human diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer and autoimmune diseases [11].…”

“…2024, 25, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 30 powerful regulators of various cellular activities including differentiation, cell growth and apoptosis [10]. Dysregulation and abnormal expression of miRNAs have been linked to multiple human diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer and autoimmune diseases [11]. miRNAs were initially associated with the regulation of immune responses by a report in 2004 showing selective expression of miR-181a and miR-223 in B-lymphocytes and myeloid cells, respectively [12].…”