microRNA as a systemic intervention in the specific breast cancer subtypes with C‐MYC impacts; introducing subtype‐based appraisal tool

Abstract

Breast cancer is indisputably a heterogeneous disease, in which a formidable combination of definitely dis-regulated C-MYC and microRNA (miRNA) profiles along with other factors are responsible to generate a specific type of breast cancer. C-MYC as a master regulator of more than 20,000 genes can modify the expression of genes underlying to perform diverse conflicting functional frameworks. The functional spectra of miRNA in the new areas of the evolution of cell behaviors are identified. Here, we endeavor to summarize some recent advances of miRNA applications that can be recruited as combinatorial targeted therapy for patients with breast cancer. Also, it is important to indicate that some exosomal miRNAs including miR-126, miR-122, miR-92-1, miR-19a, and miR-29c together with circular miRNAs, such as miR-21-5p, miR-96-5p, and miR-125b-5p can provide a promising evaluation route in breast cancer prognosis. Furthermore, miR-342, miR-520 for triple negative and hormone receptor-positive types of breast cancer, respectively in collaboration with two detected distinct cluster of miRNAs for different breast cancer cell lines can be applied for more dedicated miRNA-based individualized targeted therapy. New DNA handling capacity of C-MYC-related oncogenic miRNAs through coordination with exosomal miRNAs and circulatory ones can be a potential appraisal tool in breast cancer management. Given the notion that genomic instability is a hallmark of breast cancer, the different horizons that are provided in this review can be employed for more precise and profound analyses to achieve an evaluation signature for breast cancer subtypes.

miR‐122‐5p promotes aggression and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in triple‐negative breast cancer by suppressing charged multivesicular body protein 3 through mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling

“…Then the forced expression of CHMP3 by transfecting the CHMP3 gene clone plasmids caused significantly overexpressed CHMP3 mRNA and protein (Figure 4c,d) miR-122-5p has been thoroughly studied in human breast cancers, and its high expression level is associated with poor survival outcomes (Saleh, Soliman, Habib, Gohar, & Abo-Zeid, 2019). In addition, miR-122-5p affects tumor progression by targeting a panel of human genes such as UCA-1, SDC1, and c-MYC and so forth (Ergün et al, 2015;Pourteimoor, Paryan, & Mohammadi-Yeganeh, 2018;Uen et al, 2018;Wang, Wang, & Yang, 2012;Yan, Zhang, Fan, Li, & Zhou, 2014;Zhou et al, 2018). Yet, its binding relationship with CHMP3 gene has never been confirmed.…”

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Inhibition of ZEB1-AS1 confers cisplatin sensitivity in breast cancer by promoting microRNA-129-5p-dependent ZEB1 downregulation

“…Meanwhile, reports have credited the involvement of different factors for potentially influencing the chemosensitivity of tumor cells [6][7][8]. MicroRNA (miR) profiles in combination with other vital factors have been demonstrated to be functional in the occurrence of breast cancer [9]. Besides, a former study illustrated the association of developed resistance of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 to cisplatin with abnormal expressions of miRs and their targets [10].…”

MiR-106b-5p: A Master Regulator of Potential Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Aggressiveness and Prognosis

“…It is located in 17q23.2, which is a region that has been found to be amplified in breast carcinomas and contains several oncogenes [ 21 ]. This miRNA was found up-regulated in ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) compared to non-malignant breast tissues [ 21 ], in several cancers, including BCa [ 17 , 19 , 22 , 23 ] and in the circulation of BCa patients compared to healthy donors [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Moreover, it was found up-regulated in plasma from BCa patients with Her2 and Luminal B subtypes, which proposes a link between hsa-miR-21-5p and the Her2 receptor [ 25 ].…”