MicroRNA biogenesis, gene silencing mechanisms and role in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer

Khan, Saleem; Ayub, Humaira; Khan, Taous; Wahid, Fazli

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.001

Cited by 82 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…Drosha performs precise endonucleolytic cleavage of pri-miRNA, thus generating precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) which is transported to cytoplasm via exportin/RanGTP complex. The next step is focused on cleaving both strands of pre-miRNA via Dicer 1, Ribonuclease III (DICER) [137]. This results in formation of double-stranded RNA possessing 3 overhangs and composed of guide and passenger strands.…”

Section: Overview Of Mirnas-the Focus On Interplay With Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in formation of double-stranded RNA possessing 3 overhangs and composed of guide and passenger strands. Pre-miRNA, along with DICER, transactivation response element RNA-binding protein (TRBP) and PACT (PKR-Associated Protein X), is loaded into Argonaute (AGO) protein in the process of ATP-dependent premature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) formation [137]. Then, unwinding of miRNA duplex is performed in an ATP-independent manner, thus leaving only one strand, typically a guide one [138].…”

Section: Overview Of Mirnas-the Focus On Interplay With Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress

Włodarski

Strycharz

Wróblewski

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Oxidative stress (OxS) is the cause and the consequence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the incidence and economic burden of which is increasing each year. OxS triggers the dysregulation of signaling pathways associated with metabolism and epigenetics, including microRNAs, which are biomarkers of metabolic disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the interplay between microRNAs and OxS in MetS and its components. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the most relevant studies. Collected data suggested that different sources of OxS (e.g., hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia, obesity, proinflammatory cytokines) change the expression of numerous microRNAs in organs involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and endothelium. Dysregulated microRNAs either directly or indirectly affect the expression and/or activity of molecules of antioxidative signaling pathways (SIRT1, FOXOs, Keap1/Nrf2) along with effector enzymes (e.g., GPx-1, SOD1/2, HO-1), ROS producers (e.g., NOX4/5), as well as genes of numerous signaling pathways connected with inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, thus promoting the progression of metabolic imbalance. MicroRNAs appear to be important epigenetic modifiers in managing the delicate redox balance, mediating either pro- or antioxidant biological impacts. Summarizing, microRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets in ameliorating the repercussions of OxS in MetS.

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Section: Overview Of Mirnas-the Focus On Interplay With Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Mirnas-the Focus On Interplay With Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress

Włodarski

Strycharz

Wróblewski

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…This list includes at least one other fundamental class: microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs are a subtype of small non-coding RNA of about 20–22 nucleotides in length [ 36 ] and are produced through an elaborate biogenesis process [ 3 , 37 , 38 ], starting from transcription in the nucleus until cytoplasmic processing by the RNase III enzyme Dicer [ 39 ]. Mature miRNAs are integrated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a multiprotein complex, and guide it to target transcripts, usually interfering with their translation and sometimes even promoting their degradation [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competing Endogenous RNAs, Non-Coding RNAs and Diseases: An Intertwined Story

Ala

2020

Cells

130

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, are responsible for RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They can mediate a fine-tuned crosstalk among coding and non-coding RNA molecules sharing miRNA response elements (MREs). In a suitable environment, both coding and non-coding RNA molecules can be targeted by the same miRNAs and can indirectly regulate each other by competing for them. These RNAs, otherwise known as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), lead to an additional post-transcriptional regulatory layer, where non-coding RNAs can find new significance. The miRNA-mediated interplay among different types of RNA molecules has been observed in many different contexts. The analyses of ceRNA networks in cancer and other pathologies, as well as in other physiological conditions, provide new opportunities for interpreting omics data for the field of personalized medicine. The development of novel computational tools, providing putative predictions of ceRNA interactions, is a rapidly growing field of interest. In this review, I discuss and present the current knowledge of the ceRNA mechanism and its implications in a broad spectrum of different pathologies, such as cardiovascular or autoimmune diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders.

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“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs of 18-22 nucleotides, which not only inhibit RNA translation and promote RNA degradation but also regulate the transcription and splicing processes 7,8 . Not surprisingly, miRNAs are implicated in the development and progression of numerous tumours 9,10 , including ccRCC [11][12][13][14] . MicroRNAs are stable and present in bodily fluids (e.g., blood plasma, urine, saliva, and semen) within microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, or membrane-free carriers 8,14 , which make these RNAs promising biomarkers for acute diseases 15 and cancer diagnosis and prognosis 10,16 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of urinary miRNAs for diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Cochetti

Cari

Nocentini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The lack of symptoms at the early stages of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) allows the tumour to metastasize, leading to a dramatic reduction in patient survival. Therefore, we studied and set up a method based on urinary microRNAs (miRNAs) for the diagnosis of ccRCC. First, miRNA expression in ccRCC specimens and kidney tissues from healthy subjects (HSs) was investigated through analysis of data banks and validated by comparing expression of miRNAs in ccRCC and adjacent non-cancerous kidney tissue specimens by RT-qPCR. Subsequently, we developed an algorithm to establish which miRNAs are more likely to be found in the urine of ccRCC patients that indicated miR-122, miR-1271, and miR-15b as potential interesting markers. The evaluation of their levels and three internal controls in the urine of 13 patients and 14 HSs resulted in the development of a score (7p-urinary score) to evaluate the presence of ccRCC in patients. The resulting area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity were equal to 0.96, 100% (95% CI 75–100%), and 86% (95% CI 57–98%), respectively. In conclusion, our study provides a proof of concept that combining the expression values of some urinary miRNAs might be useful in the diagnosis of ccRCC.

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MicroRNA biogenesis, gene silencing mechanisms and role in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer

Cited by 82 publications

References 194 publications

The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress

The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress

Competing Endogenous RNAs, Non-Coding RNAs and Diseases: An Intertwined Story

Detection of urinary miRNAs for diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

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