microRNA Biomarkers in Clinical Study

Wang, Hsiuying; Chen, Yi‐Hau

doi:10.3390/biom11121810

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…It is reported that non-protein coding genes transcribe approximately 50% of the miRNAs expressed in the human genome and are coded in the introns of coding genes (Ardekani and Naeini, 2010). Human diseases develop and progress are impacted by miRNAs, which are also crucial for regulating drug metabolism and immune responses (Wang and Chen, 2021). MicroRNAs regulate cellular functions such as growth, development, differentiation, metabolism, and immune responses.…”

Section: Functions Of Micrornasmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA biomarkers as next-generation diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review

Azam,

Rößling,

Geithe

et al. 2024

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by abnormalities within neurons of the brain or spinal cord that gradually lose function, eventually leading to cell death. Upon examination of affected tissue, pathological changes reveal a loss of synapses, misfolded proteins, and activation of immune cells—all indicative of disease progression—before severe clinical symptoms become apparent. Early detection of NDs is crucial for potentially administering targeted medications that may delay disease advancement. Given their complex pathophysiological features and diverse clinical symptoms, there is a pressing need for sensitive and effective diagnostic methods for NDs. Biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as potential tools for detecting these diseases. We explore the pivotal role of miRNAs in the context of NDs, focusing on Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The review delves into the intricate relationship between aging and NDs, highlighting structural and functional alterations in the aging brain and their implications for disease development. It elucidates how miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of NDs and underscores the importance of investigating their expression and function in aging. Significantly, miRNAs exert substantial influence on post-translational modifications (PTMs), impacting not just the nervous system but a wide array of tissues and cell types as well. Specific miRNAs have been found to target proteins involved in ubiquitination or de-ubiquitination processes, which play a significant role in regulating protein function and stability. We discuss the link between miRNA, PTM, and NDs. Additionally, the review discusses the significance of miRNAs as biomarkers for early disease detection, offering insights into diagnostic strategies.

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Section: Functions Of Micrornasmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA biomarkers as next-generation diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review

Azam,

Rößling,

Geithe

et al. 2024

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Hair Follicle-Related MicroRNA-34a Serum Expression and rs2666433A/G Variant in Patients with Alopecia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

et al. 2022

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Alopecia areata (AA) is a type of immune-mediated alopecia. Recent studies have suggested microRNAs’ (miRNAs) implication in several cellular processes, including epidermal and hair follicle biology. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can modify gene expression levels, which may induce an autoimmune response. This case–control study included 480 participants (240 for each case/control group). MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) rs2666433A/G variant was genotyped using real-time allelic discrimination polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, circulatory miR-34a levels were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). On comparing between alopecia and non-alopecia cohorts, a higher frequency of A variant was noted among patients when compared to controls—A allele: 28 versus 18% (p < 0.001); A/A genotype: 9 versus 2%; A/G genotype: 39 versus 32% (p < 0.001). A/A and A/G carriers were more likely to develop alopecia under heterozygote comparison (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.14–2.93), homozygote comparison (OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.33–13.1), dominant (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.27–3.15), recessive (OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.08–10.48), over-dominant (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.04–32.63), and log additive (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.3–2.82) models. Serum miR-34a expression levels were upregulated in alopecia patients with a median and quartile fold change of 27.3 (1.42–2430). Significantly higher levels were more pronounced in A/A genotype patients (p < 0.01). Patients carrying the heterozygote genotype (rs2666433 * A/G) were two times more likely to develop more severe disease grades. Stratified analysis by sex revealed the same results. A high expression level was associated with concomitant autoimmune comorbidities (p = 0.001), in particular SLE (p = 0.007) and vitiligo (p = 0.049). In conclusion, the MIR34A rs2666433 (A/G) variant is associated with AA risk and severity in the studied population. Furthermore, high miR-34a circulatory levels could play a role in disease pathogenesis.

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microRNA Biomarkers in Clinical Study

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNAs, are involved in the initiation and progression of many human diseases that also play a key role in immune response and drug metabolism modulation [...]

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

MicroRNA biomarkers as next-generation diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review

MicroRNA biomarkers as next-generation diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review

Hair Follicle-Related MicroRNA-34a Serum Expression and rs2666433A/G Variant in Patients with Alopecia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

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