microRNA in inflammatory bowel disease at a glance

Alamdari-Palangi, Vahab; Vahedi, Farzaneh; Shabaninejad, Zahra; Dokeneheifard, Sadat; Movehedpour, Ahmad; Taheri‐Anganeh, Mortaza; Savardashtaki, Amir

doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000001815

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Studies of circulating miRNAs have shown that miRNAs are potential candidates as biomarkers for diagnosing IBD and various other diseases [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. The high stability of miRNAs in the body fluids and the ability to obtain rapid and accurate quantitative estimates are some merits of using circulating miRNAs as biomarkers in IBD [ 28 ]. MiRNAs are not only interesting tools for diagnosis, but also for potential future therapeutic applications by miRNA mimics or miRNA antagonists [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Mirnas In Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MiRNA expression has been shown to be of importance in a wide variety of human diseases such as cancer, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases [ 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The miRNAs not only circulate in the human peripheral blood in a stable form, they are also present in other body fluids such as urine, saliva, milk, cerebrospinal fluid, and feces [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The miRNAs are engaged in disease origin and development, and some are pathology-specific [ 29 ], thus, changes in miRNA expression profiles have been addressed for applications in early detection as well as prognostics, diagnostic classification and drug response prediction.…”

Section: Microrna—an Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MicroRNA Biomarkers in IBD—Differential Diagnosis and Prediction of Colitis-Associated Cancer

James

Riis

Malham

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). These are chronic autoimmune diseases of unknown etiology affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The IBD population includes a heterogeneous group of patients with varying disease courses requiring personalized treatment protocols. The complexity of the disease often delays the diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate treatments. In a subset of patients, IBD leads to colitis-associated cancer (CAC). MicroRNAs are single-stranded regulatory noncoding RNAs of 18 to 22 nucleotides with putative roles in the pathogenesis of IBD and colorectal cancer. They have been explored as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Both tissue-derived and circulating microRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers in the differential diagnosis and in the prognosis of disease severity of IBD as well as predictive biomarkers in drug resistance. In addition, knowledge of the cellular localization of differentially expressed microRNAs is a prerequisite for deciphering the biological role of these important epigenetic regulators and the cellular localization may even contribute to an alternative repertoire of biomarkers. In this review, we discuss findings based on RT-qPCR, microarray profiling, next generation sequencing and in situ hybridization of microRNA biomarkers identified in the circulation and in tissue biopsies.

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Section: Mirnas In Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microrna—an Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA Biomarkers in IBD—Differential Diagnosis and Prediction of Colitis-Associated Cancer

James

Riis

Malham

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…MiRNAs are 21 to 25 nt in length [38][39][40] and regulates gene expression primarily by acting as post-transcriptional repressors [35,37]. miRNAs were first described in 1993 by Ambros and colleagues in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as RNA molecules of 18 to 23 nt in length that regulate developmental timing [41][42][43][44][45][46]. Recently, several miRNA-size small RNA fragments with 15-26 nt in length have been identified in prokaryotes, such as Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Mycobacterium marinum.…”

Section: Mirna-size Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Function of Regulatory RNAs in Bacteria and Archaea

Soltani-Fard

Taghvimi

Kichi

et al. 2021

IJTM

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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules that comprise about 80% of both mammals and prokaryotes genomes. Recent studies have identified a large number of small regulatory RNAs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria. In prokaryotes, RNA regulators are a diverse group of molecules that modulate a wide range of physiological responses through a variety of mechanisms. Similar to eukaryotes, bacterial microRNAs are an important class of ncRNAs that play an important role in the development and secretion of proteins and in the regulation of gene expression. Similarly, riboswitches are cis-regulatory structured RNA elements capable of directly controlling the expression of downstream genes in response to small molecule ligands. As a result, riboswitches detect and respond to the availability of various metabolic changes within cells. The most extensive and most widely studied set of small RNA regulators act through base pairing with RNAs. These types of RNAs are vital for prokaryotic life, activating or suppressing important physiological processes by modifying transcription or translation. The majority of these small RNAs control responses to changes in environmental conditions. Finally, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) RNAs, a newly discovered RNA regulator group, contains short regions of homology to bacteriophage and plasmid sequences that bacteria use to splice phage DNA as a defense mechanism. The detailed mechanism is still unknown but devoted to target homologous foreign DNAs. Here, we review the known mechanisms and roles of non-coding regulatory RNAs, with particular attention to riboswitches and their functions, briefly introducing translational applications of CRISPR RNAs in mammals.

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“…Though recognized most for its effects on the gastrointestinal tract, IBD is well known for harboring a multitude of complications, including extraintestinal. This largely stems from the chronic and systemic inflammatory state IBD induces via pathways such as NF-κB, STAT3, the NOD2 receptor family, and toll-like receptors (TLRs), which alter regulatory mediators such as cytokines and various miRNAs [ 5 , 7 ]. Perhaps the most well-studied is the strong association between IBD-induced colitis and increased colon cancer risk, arguably the most lethal complication of IBD [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Complications

Krishnachaitanya

Liu

Fujise

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), classified primarily between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a collection of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions that cause multiple complications because of systemic alterations in the immune response. One major player is microRNA (miRNA), which is found to be associated with multiple pathways in mediating inflammation, especially those of a chronic nature in IBD, as well as irritable bowel syndrome. Although there have been studies linking miRNA alterations in IBD, even differentiating Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, this review focuses mainly on how miRNAs cause and mechanistically influence the pathologic complications of IBD. In addition to its role in the well-known progression towards colorectal cancer, we also emphasize how miRNA manifests the many extraintestinal complications in IBD such as cardiovascular diseases; neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders; and others, including various musculoskeletal, dermatologic, ocular, and hepatobiliary complications. We conclude through a description of its potential use in bettering diagnostics and the future treatment of IBD and its systemic symptoms.

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microRNA in inflammatory bowel disease at a glance

Cited by 14 publications

References 131 publications

MicroRNA Biomarkers in IBD—Differential Diagnosis and Prediction of Colitis-Associated Cancer

MicroRNA Biomarkers in IBD—Differential Diagnosis and Prediction of Colitis-Associated Cancer

Insights into the Function of Regulatory RNAs in Bacteria and Archaea

MicroRNAs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Complications

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