MicroRNA-Mediated Silencing Pathways in the Nervous System and Neurological Diseases

Barbato, Christian

doi:10.3390/cells11152375

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…miRNAs play an inhibitory role at the post-transcriptional level. Its loss or modification was related to an increase in PD-L1 expression, and its deletion via CRISPR Cas9 led to greater stability of PD-L1 mRNA ( Table 1 , Figure 1 ) [ 2 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Insights, Preclinical and Clinical Data, and Therapies

Meliante

Barbato

Zoccali

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Aberrant expression of the programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) constitutes one of the main immune evasion mechanisms of cancer cells. The approval of drugs against the PD-1-PD-L1 axis has given new impetus to the chemo-therapy of many malignancies. We performed a literature review from 1992 to August 2022, summarizing evidence regarding molecular structures, physiological and pathological roles, mechanisms of PD-L1 overexpression, and immunotherapy evasion. Furthermore, we summarized the studies concerning head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) immunotherapy and the prospects for improving the associated outcomes, such as identifying treatment response biomarkers, new pharmacological combinations, and new molecules. PD-L1 overexpression can occur via four mechanisms: genetic modifications; inflammatory signaling; oncogenic pathways; microRNA or protein-level regulation. Four molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy have been identified: tumor cell adaptation; changes in T-cell function or proliferation; alterations of the tumor microenvironment; alternative immunological checkpoints. Immunotherapy was indeed shown to be superior to traditional chemotherapy in locally advanced/recurrent/metastatic HNSCC treatments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Insights, Preclinical and Clinical Data, and Therapies

Meliante

Barbato

Zoccali

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Some authors hypothesized the role of microRNAs (miR-126-3p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-107) in the diagnosis of arterial hypertension in OSAS patients [ 129 ]. In our opinion, they could be useful for better understanding the etiopathogenetic mechanisms, but they are certainly less relevant from a hypertension diagnostic point of view.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Pathology, Oxidative Stress, and Biomarkers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Meliante

Zoccali

Cascone

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep due to recurrent upper airway obstruction. The derived oxidative stress (OS) leads to complications that do not only concern the sleep-wake rhythm but also systemic dysfunctions. The aim of this narrative literature review is to investigate molecular alterations, diagnostic markers, and potential medical therapies for OSAS. We analyzed the literature and synthesized the evidence collected. IH increases oxygen free radicals (ROS) and reduces antioxidant capacities. OS and metabolic alterations lead OSAS patients to undergo endothelial dysfunction, osteoporosis, systemic inflammation, increased cardiovascular risk, pulmonary remodeling, and neurological alterations. We treated molecular alterations known to date as useful for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms and for their potential application as diagnostic markers. The most promising pharmacological therapies are those based on N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Vitamin C, Leptin, Dronabinol, or Atomoxetine + Oxybutynin, but all require further experimentation. CPAP remains the approved therapy capable of reversing most of the known molecular alterations; future drugs may be useful in treating the remaining dysfunctions.

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“…Further, it has been shown that miRNAs influence both various physiological processes during development and tissue homeostasis by regulating the expression of approximately 90% of human genes [14]. Recently miRNAs have been widely studied for their role in various human diseases including tumours [15], haematological diseases [16], cardiovascular diseases [17], and central nervous system diseases [18]. Currently, studies in animal models [19] and bioinformatics [20] analyses have preliminarily demonstrated that alterations in miRNA expression have an impact on key processes in the pathophysiology of SCI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress of MicroRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury

Deng¹,

Chen²

2023

J. Integr. Neurosci.

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Spinal cord injury is a serious and devastating condition. Recently, research into microRNAs (miRNAs) has become increasingly exhaustive and it has been determined that they are closely related to the pathophysiological processes of spinal cord injury. They participate in the regulation of the inflammatory response of spinal cord injury, the death of neuronal cells, and the repair of neural functions, which are related to the recovery of spinal cord injury. This review focuses on the relationship between miRNA and spinal cord injury, lists miRNA-324-5p, miRNA-221 and miRNA-124, which are helpful for the repair of spinal cord injury, and finally summarizes the current research progress of miRNA-based therapies, so as to provide a foundational reference for clinical and scientific researchers.

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MicroRNA-Mediated Silencing Pathways in the Nervous System and Neurological Diseases

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a prominent role in post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanisms in the brain tuning synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and cognitive functions in physiological and pathological conditions [...]

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Insights, Preclinical and Clinical Data, and Therapies

Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Insights, Preclinical and Clinical Data, and Therapies

Molecular Pathology, Oxidative Stress, and Biomarkers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Research Progress of MicroRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury

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