MicroRNAome Comparison between Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Vascular Stem Cell Adipogenesis

Abstract

BackgroundAs an important factor affecting meat quality, intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a topic of worldwide concern. Emerging evidences indicate that microRNAs play important roles in adipocyte differentiation. However, miRNAome has neither been studied during porcine intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation, nor compared with subcutaneous preadipocytes. The objectives of this study were to identify porcine miRNAs involved in adipogenesis in primary preadipocytes, and to determine whether intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes differ in the expression and regulation of miRNAs.ResultsmiRNAomes in primary intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes during differentiation were first sequenced using the Solexa deep sequencing method. The sequences and relative expression levels of 224 known (98.2% in miRbase 18.0) and 280 potential porcine miRNAs were identified. Fifty-four of them changed in similar pattern between intramuscular vascular stem cells (IVSC) and subcutaneous vascular stem cells (SVSC) differentiation, such as miR-210, miR-10b and miR-99a. Expression levels of 10 miRNAs were reversely up-or down-regulated between IVSC and SVSC differentiation, 19 were up-or down-regulated only during IVSC differentiation and 55 only during SVSC differentiation. Additionally, 30 miRNAs showed fat-depot specific expression pattern (24 in cells of intramuscular origin and 6 in cells of subcutaneous origin). These adipogenesis-related miRNAs mainly functioned by targeting similar pathways in adipogenesis, obesity and syndrome.ConclusionComparison of miRNAomes in IVSC and SVSC during differentiation revealed that many different miRNAs are involved in adipogenesis, and they regulate SVSC and IVSC differentiation through similar pathways. These miRNAs may serve as biomarkers or targets for enhancing IMF content, and uncovering their function in IMF development will be of great value in the near future.

Verification of suitable and reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR during adipogenic differentiation in porcine intramuscular stromal-vascular cells

“…The sensory quality and eating quality can be improved by increasing the IMF content (Hocquette et al, 2010). Intramuscular stromalvascular cells (MSVCs) (kind of pre-adipocytes) in skeletal muscle are endowed with distinct adipogenic potential (Hausman and Poulos, 2004), transcriptome (Jiang et al, 2013) and microRNAome (Guo et al, 2012) compared with their counterparts in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Although many genetic and nutritional factors are documented to influence IMF content, the exact molecular mechanisms of MSVCs differentiation remain largely unclear.…”

Expression and Regulation Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig: Relevance to Xenotransplantation

“…miR-143 was the first miRNA reported to be involved in adipose cell biology [58][59][60] ( Table 2). The miR-210 14,61 and the miR-27 family 14,62 are involved in adipogenesis. Several are abundant in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues 60,61,63,64 , whereas others are subcutaneous adipose tissue-specific enriched miRNAs [64][65][66][67] .…”

“…These strategies have been widely used to describe the miRNAome in various pig tissues, such as muscle [9][10][11][12] , brain 13 , fat 14 , embryo 3 , pituitary 15 , intestine 16 , ovary 17 and testes 4 . This review is focused on the possible functions and regulating mechanisms of miRNAs in pigs, aiming towards a better understanding of the miRNAome in various tissues.…”

A Comprehensive Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig

“…Some are specifically expressed in the greater omentum [64,68,69]. Research into pig adipose tissue miRNAs may be beneficial in meeting the increasing demand of consumers for improved pork quality, which is a topic of worldwide concern [14]. (Table 3) Although most research has hitherto been dedicated to miRNA's roles in meat quality, emerging research has evaluated miRNA in other solid tissues in pigs, including, but not limited to, reproduction.…”

“…The common research strategy on miRNA may include three aims: (i) characterization of miRNAs (including identification of novel miRNAs), (ii) determination of target genes, and (iii) illumination of function of miRNAs and target genes. These strategies have been widely used to describe the miRNAome in various pig tissues, such as muscle [9][10][11][12], brain [13], fat [14], embryo [3], pituitary [15], intestine [16], ovary [17] and testes [4].…”