MicroRNAs and Their Targetomes in Tumor-Immune Communication

Cho, Sunglim; Tai, Jesse W.; Lu, Li-Fan

doi:10.3390/cancers12082025

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…miRNAs as potent epigenetic regulators stimulate the innate and adaptive immune system and influence the viral propagation (Mukhopadhyay & Mussa, 2020 ). However, different sets of miRNAs are expressed in the host system which target an entire immune pathway (Cho et al, 2020 ; Jia & Wei, 2020 ). Also, various miRNAs with multi‐step maturation need several strategies to enhance miRNAs function and develop miRNAs‐based therapeutics against COVID‐19 (Abu‐Izneid et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Limitations Of Mirnas Against Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs; a novel strategy for the treatment of COVID‐19

Hao

Ebrahimi

Keivan

et al. 2021

Cell Biology International

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is the seventh member of the bat severe acute respiratory syndrome family. COVID‐19 can fuse their envelopes with the host cell membranes and deliver their genetic material. COVID‐19 attacks the respiratory system and stimulates the host inflammatory responses, enhances the recruitment of immune cells, and promotes angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 activities. Patients with confirmed COVID‐19 may have experienced fever, dry cough, headache, dyspnea, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute heart injury. Several strategies such as oxygen therapy, ventilation, antibiotic or antiviral therapy, and renal replacement therapy are commonly used to decrease COVID‐19‐associated mortality. However, these approaches may not be good treatment options. Therefore, the search for an alternative‐novel therapy is urgently important to prevent the disease progression. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising strategy for COVID‐19. The design of oligonucleotide against the genetic material of COVID‐19 might suppress virus RNA translation. Several previous studies have shown that host miRNAs play an antiviral role and improve the treatment of patients with COVID‐19. miRNAs by binding to the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) or 5′‐UTR of viral RNA play an important role in COVID‐19‐host interplay and viral replication. miRNAs interact with multiple pathways and reduce inflammatory biomarkers, thrombi formation, and tissue damage to accelerate the patient outcome. The information in this review provides a summary of the current clinical application of miRNAs for the treatments of patients with COVID‐19.

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Section: Limitations Of Mirnas Against Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs; a novel strategy for the treatment of COVID‐19

Hao

Ebrahimi

Keivan

et al. 2021

Cell Biology International

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“…Tumor cells compete with the infiltrating immune cells for nutrients while secreting inhibitory metabolites that directly mediate immunoevasion ( 295 ). Tumor miRNAs regulate numerous anabolic and catabolic pathways to meet the bioenergetic demands of cell proliferation and establish a favorable metabolic state for their growth at the expense of the immune cells ( 296 ). The primary example of miRNA-mediated regulation of immunometabolites in cancer is indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a class of enzymes responsible for metabolizing tryptophan, an essential amino acid, into kynurenine ( 297 ).…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Roles Of Tumor Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-aculous new avenues for cancer immunotherapy

et al. 2022

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The rising toll of cancer globally necessitates ingenuity in early detection and therapy. In the last decade, the utilization of immune signatures and immune-based therapies has made significant progress in the clinic; however, clinical standards leave many current and future patients without options. Non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs, have been explored in pre-clinical contexts with tremendous success. MicroRNAs play indispensable roles in programming the interactions between immune and cancer cells, many of which are current or potential immunotherapy targets. MicroRNAs mechanistically control a network of target genes that can alter immune and cancer cell biology. These insights provide us with opportunities and tools that may complement and improve immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss immune and cancer cell–derived miRNAs that regulate cancer immunity and examine miRNAs as an integral part of cancer diagnosis, classification, and therapy.

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“…miRNA is a crucial player in human physiological activities, such as differentiation, cellular proliferation, development, and apoptosis, but dysregulation of miRNA expression, biogenesis, and alteration of epigenetic regulation of miRNA genes may lead to tumor development progression and response failure to therapies. 101 , 102 Such cancer-derived miRNAs can modulate immune responses by creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment while downregulating cancer immunogenicity, thereby protecting cancer cells from immune clearance. 103 Immunomodulatory miRNAs (im-miRNAs) can regulate cancer immune surveillance leading to immune escape of tumors.…”

Section: Involvement Of Host Mirnas and The Microbiota In Immune Regulation Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Gut Microbiome and Host microRNAs with the Occurrence of Colorectal and Breast Cancer and Their Impact on Patient Immunity

Silva¹,

Tennekoon²,

Karunanayake³

2021

OTT

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Breast and colorectal cancers are two primary malignancies on which most of the research done worldwide investigates the potential genetic and environmental risk factors and thereby tries to develop therapeutic methods to improve prognosis. Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer type in women, while colorectal cancer is diagnosed in males as the third most and females as the second most cancer type. Though these two cancer types are predominantly seen in adult patients worldwide, in the current context, these malignancies are diagnosed at a younger age with a significant rate of incidents than previous. Such early-onset cancers are generally present at an advanced stage of the most aggressive type with a poor prognosis. In the past, the focus of the research was mainly on studying possible candidate genes to understand the onset. However, it is now recognized that genetics, epigenetics, and other environmental factors play a pivotal role in cancer susceptibility. Thus, most studies were diversified to study the behavior of host microRNAs, and the involvement of gut microbiota and good communication between them surfaced in the occurrence and state of the disease. It is understood that the impact of these factors affects the outcome of the disease. Out of the adverse outcomes identified relating to the disease, immunosuppression is one of the most concerning outcomes in the current world, where such individuals remain vulnerable to infections. Recent studies revealed that microbiome and microRNA could create a considerable impact on immunosuppression. This review focused on the behavior of host microRNAs and gut microbiome for the onset of the disease and progression, thereby influencing an individual’s immunosuppression. Understanding the interactions among microRNA, microbiome, presentation of the disease, and impact on the immune system will be immensely useful for developing future therapeutic strategies based on targeting host microRNA and the patient’s gut microbiome. Therapies such as inhibitory-miRNA therapies, miRNA mimic-based therapeutics, immune checkpoint blockade therapies, and bacteria‐assisted tumor‐targeted therapies help modulate cancer. At the same time, it paid equal attention to potential noninvasive biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics in both cancers.

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MicroRNAs and Their Targetomes in Tumor-Immune Communication

Cited by 10 publications

References 67 publications

miRNAs; a novel strategy for the treatment of COVID‐19

miRNAs; a novel strategy for the treatment of COVID‐19

miR-aculous new avenues for cancer immunotherapy

Interaction of Gut Microbiome and Host microRNAs with the Occurrence of Colorectal and Breast Cancer and Their Impact on Patient Immunity

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