MicroRNAs and Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Abstract

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive tumor subtype, which still lacks specific markers for an effective targeted therapy. Despite the common feature of negativity for the three most relevant receptors (ER, PgR and HER2), TNBC is a very heterogeneous disease where different subgroups can be recognized, and both gene and microRNA profiling studies have recently been carried out to dissect the different molecular entities. Moreover, several microRNAs playing a crucial role in triple negative breast cancer biology have been identified, providing the experimental basis for a possible therapeutic application. Indeed, the causal involvement of microRNAs in breast cancer and the possible use of these small noncoding RNA molecules as biomarkers has been extensively studied with promising results. Their application as therapeutic tools might represent an innovative approach, especially for a tumor subgroup still lacking an efficient and specific therapy such as TNBC. In this review, we summarize our knowledge on the most important microRNAs described in TNBC.

Dysregulation of microRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer

“…Thus, further subtyping with more individual therapy adjustments could improve patients' survival. One of the new potentially useful biomarkers in oncology is miRNA [8].…”

Triple negatif meme kanserinin moleküler temeli

“…Son çalışmalarda, miRNA'ların tümördeki heterojen ekspresyonu değerlendirildiğinde hipoksi ve angiogenezle ilgili olduğunu ve bunun da farklı mikro damar dağılımı, tümörün içinde hipoksik durum ile ilgili olduğu gösterilmiştir. TNMK ile ilişkili 50 microRNA'lık set tesbit edilmiş, bunların içinde miR-20a, miR-20b'nin sırasıyla Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) ve Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha'a (HIF-1a)'ı hedef olarak görmeleri yönüyle dikkat çekici bulunmuştur 22 . Birçok miRNA'nın TNMK dahil meme kanserlerinde prognostik role sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.…”

“…Birçok miRNA'nın TNMK dahil meme kanserlerinde prognostik role sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Bunlardan miR-16, miR-155 veya miR-374 upregulasyon göstermesi iyi prognozla ilişkili iken, miR-125b down regulasyon göstermesi kötü prognozla ilişkili olarak bulunmuştur 22 . miR-210'nın ER(+) gruba göre TNMK'de daha fazla eksprese olduğu ve bağımsız prognostik faktör olduğu belirtilmiştir 23 .…”

Retracted: MicroRNA‐217 overexpression induces drug resistance and invasion of breast cancer cells by targeting PTEN signaling

“…It has been demonstrated that miRNAs are differentially expressed between breast cancer and normal tissues (Riaz et al , 2013). There is a significant association between miRNA expression profiling and clinicopathological characteristics, such as hormone receptor status and tumor grade (D'Ippolito and Iorio, 2013). Some miRNAs may be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of breast cancer patients (Ng et al , 2013).…”