MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Systemic Changes in Response to Endurance Exercise—A Comprehensive Review

Soplińska, Aleksandra; Zaręba, Łukasz; Wicik, Zofia; Jakubik, Daniel; Siller‐Matula, Jolanta M.; Rosa, Salvatore De; Małek, Łukasz A.; Postuła, Marek

doi:10.3390/diagnostics10100813

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…From a methodological point of view, in clinical studies on athletes, it is usually not straightforward to fully confirm or exclude the use of doping agents, which is a serious confounder. Future research may include the use of new promising biomarkers such as microRNAs [ 66 , 67 ]. Those small particles regulate the post-transcription gene expression by RNA-RNA interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several microRNAs have been also linked to heart dysfunction in the form of myocardial ischemia, hypertrophy, fibrosis and arrhythmia [ 66 ]. However, many of the same microRNAs also become up-or down- regulated in response to exercise as demonstrated in a recent review [ 67 ]. Therefore, their potential future use will depend on the ability to distinguish physiological adaptive changes to exercise from changes related to the use of illicit drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cardiac Effects of Performance-Enhancing Medications: Caffeine vs. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

2021

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Several performance-enhancing or ergogenic drugs have been linked to both significant adverse cardiovascular effects and increased cardiovascular risk. Even with increased scrutiny on the governance of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in professional sport and heightened awareness of the associated cardiovascular risk, there are some who are prepared to risk their use to gain competitive advantage. Caffeine is the most commonly consumed drug in the world and its ergogenic properties have been reported for decades. Thus, the removal of caffeine from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) list of banned substances, in 2004, has naturally led to an exponential rise in its use amongst athletes. The response to caffeine is complex and influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Whilst the evidence may be equivocal, the ability of an athlete to train longer or at a greater power output cannot be overlooked. Furthermore, its impact on the myocardium remains unanswered. In contrast, anabolic androgenic steroids are recognised PEDs that improve athletic performance, increase muscle growth and suppress fatigue. Their use, however, comes at a cost, afflicting the individual with several side effects, including those that are detrimental to the cardiovascular system. This review addresses the effects of the two commonest PEDs, one legal, the other prohibited, and their respective effects on the heart, as well as the challenge in defining its long-term implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cardiac Effects of Performance-Enhancing Medications: Caffeine vs. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

2021

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“…MiRNAs are small (18-25 nucleotides), non-coding RNAs that influence various aspects of cellular functions through regulation of gene expression (Eyileten et al, 2020;Gasecka et al, 2020;Soplinska et al, 2020). The essence of their regulatory effects is the ability to recognize and specifically bind into the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of mRNAs (Jarosz-Popek et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA as Potential Biomarkers of Platelet Function on Antiplatelet Therapy: A Review

et al. 2021

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs, able to regulate cellular functions by specific gene modifications. Platelets are the major source for circulating miRNAs, with significant regulatory potential on cardiovascular pathophysiology. MiRNAs have been shown to modify the expression of platelet proteins influencing platelet reactivity. Circulating miRNAs can be determined from plasma, serum, or whole blood, and they can be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of platelet reactivity during antiplatelet therapy as well as novel therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Herein, we review diagnostic and prognostic value of miRNAs levels related to platelet reactivity based on human studies, presenting its interindividual variability as well as the substantial role of genetics. Furthermore, we discuss antiplatelet treatment in the context of miRNAs alterations related to pathways associated with drug response.

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“…For example, HIIT is related to muscle hypoxia which may cause oxidative stress, reactive oxygen forms production and enhance inflammation [ 2 , 9 ]. Additionally, high-volume, high-intensity exercise training may induce atherosclerosis due to increased atherosclerotic lesions, however, the exact mechanism is still unknown [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The early diagnosis of atherosclerosis before the onset of clinical signs and symptoms is difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Circulating MicroRNAs and the Relation of MicroRNAs to Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Intima–Media Thickness in Ultra-Marathon Runners

Eyileten

Fitas

Jakubik

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The impact of long-term training on cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not clear. Carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) test is recommended as a useful measure to diagnose the early stages of atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are altered due to endurance exercise and can be promising biomarkers of pathophysiological changes. We aimed to evaluate the association of circulating miRNAs with physical fitness and markers of atherosclerosis in ultra-marathon runners. Ultra-marathon runners had 28-fold upregulation of miR-125a-5p expressions compared to control individuals (p = 0.002), whereas let-7e and miR-126 did not differ statistically between ultra-marathon runners and controls. In the ultra-marathon runners’ group, negative correlations were observed between VO2max/kg and relative expression of miR-125a-5p and miR-126 (r = −0.402, p = 0.028; r = −0.438, p = 0.032, respectively). Positive correlations were observed between CIMT and miR-125a-5p and miR-126 (r = 0.388, p = 0.050; r = 0.504, p = 0.023, respectively) in ultra-marathon runners. Individuals with the highest quartile of VO2max/kg had 23-fold lower miR-126 expression in comparison to subgroups with lower VO2max/kg (p = 0.017). Our results may indicate that both miRNAs may serve as a biomarker for early pathological changes leading to atherosclerosis burden in athletes. Furthermore, the association between miRNAs and traditional risk factors for CVD indicate a possible use of these molecules as early biomarkers of future cardiovascular health.

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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Systemic Changes in Response to Endurance Exercise—A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

The Cardiac Effects of Performance-Enhancing Medications: Caffeine vs. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

The Cardiac Effects of Performance-Enhancing Medications: Caffeine vs. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

MicroRNA as Potential Biomarkers of Platelet Function on Antiplatelet Therapy: A Review

Alterations in Circulating MicroRNAs and the Relation of MicroRNAs to Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Intima–Media Thickness in Ultra-Marathon Runners

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