microRNAs in Cancer: Lessons from Melanoma

Greenberg, Eyal; Nemlich, Yael; Gal, Markel

doi:10.2174/1381612820666140128210105

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Again, notwithstanding several efforts toward the understanding of the genetic mechanisms that lead to BRAF-inhibitor resistance, limited data exist on the role of miRNA deregulation [14][15][16][17]. In this study we investigated the expression of the 15 studied miRNAs investigated in respect to TTP in a series of BRAF melanoma patients treated with vemurafenib.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MicroRNA expression in BRAF-mutated and wild-type metastatic melanoma and its correlation with response duration to BRAF inhibitors

Pinto

Strippoli

Summa

et al. 2015

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

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Objective: Currently, the treatment of BRAF V600-mutated metastatic melanoma with BRAF inhibitors gives a response rate of ~ 50% with a progression-free survival of ~ 6 -- 7 months. In order to identify predictive biomarkers capable of stratifying BRAF-mutated patients at high risk of shorter response duration to anti-BRAF therapy, the authors analyzed the expression of 15 microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting crucial genes involved in melanoma biology and drug response.Research design and methods: A total of 15 miRNAs and target gene expression were investigated in 43 patients (30 BRAF-mutated, and 13 BRAF wild-type). Moreover, 20 BRAF-mutated patients treated with vemurafenib were analyzed for miRNA expression in respect to time-to-progression.Results: All miRNAs except miR-192 showed low expression in BRAF-mutated as compared with BRAF wild-type patients. In particular, miR-101, miR-221,miR-21, miR-338-3p and miR-191 resulted in significant downregulation inBRAF-mutated patients. Moreover, high expression of miR-192 and miR-193b* and low expression of miR-132 resulted in significant association with shorter progression.Conclusion: Three miRNAs were significantly associated with clinical outcome in metastatic melanoma patients. An increased understanding of the molecular assessment of BRAF-mutated melanomas could allow development of specific molecular tests able to predict response duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short strands of noncoding RNA that regulate the expression of multiple genes, have been considered as key regulators in the initiation, progression, diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma, but the possibility to consider them as prognostic biomarkers has been poorly explored [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA expression in BRAF-mutated and wild-type metastatic melanoma and its correlation with response duration to BRAF inhibitors

Pinto

Strippoli

Summa

et al. 2015

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

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“…Relating these miRNAs with the main molecular deregulated pathways, e.g. the RAS/MAPK pathway, the MITF pathway, the p16INK4A-CDK4-RB pathway, and the PI3K-AKT pathway, would offer new insights in deciphering the aggressive and metastatic feature of melanoma (Segura et al, 2012;Greenberg et al, 2014).…”

Section: Mirnas Detected In Cutaneous Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Skin Cancer

Neagu

Constantin

Creţoiu

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Skin cancer is, at present, the most common type of malignancy in the Caucasian population. Its incidence has increased rapidly in the last decade for both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported for a variety of different cancers, including skin cancers. Since miRNAs' discovery as regulators of gene expression, their importance grew in the field of oncology. miRNAs can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, tumor initiation, development progression, and aggressiveness. Nowadays, these short regulatory RNAs are perceived as one of the epigenetic markers for the identification of new diagnostic and/or prognostic molecular markers. Moreover, as miRNAs can drive tumorigenesis, they might eventually represent new therapy targets. Some miRNAs are pleiotropic, such as miR-214, which was found deregulated in several other tumors besides skin cancers. Some others are specific for one or more skin cancer types, like miR-21 and miR-221 for cutaneous melanoma and cutaneous squamous carcinoma or miR-155 for melanoma and cutaneous lymphoma. The goal of this review was to summarize some of the main miRNA detection technologies that are used to evaluate miRNAs in tissues and body fluids. Furthermore, their quantification limits, conformity, and robustness are discussed. Aberrant miRNA expression is analyzed for cutaneous melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), skin lymphomas, cutaneous lymphoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). In this type of disease, miRNAs are described as potential biomarkers to diagnose early lesion and/or early metastatic disease. In the future, whether in tissue or circulating in body fluids, miRNAs will gain their place in skin cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and future therapeutic targets.

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“…Microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor expression is regulated by several miRNAs. The role of miRNAs in melanoma biology has been recently reviewed . MiR‐101 overexpression downregulates MITF protein levels but surprisingly suppresses the invasion and proliferation of melanoma cells .…”

Section: Regulation Of Mitf Expression By Micrornasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor expression levels in melanoma cells contribute to cell invasion and proliferation

Vachtenheim

Ondrušová

2015

Experimental Dermatology

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Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a nodal point in melanoma transcriptional network that regulates dozens of genes with critical functions in cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. Highly variable MITF expression levels exist in tumor cell subpopulations conferring marked heterogeneity and plasticity in the tumor tissue. A model has been postulated whereby lower MITF levels favour cell invasion and suppress proliferation, whereas high levels stimulate differentiation and proliferation. Additionally, MITF is considered to be a prosurvival gene and a lineage addiction oncogene in melanoma. Herein, we review how MITF expression may affect the melanoma phenotype with consequences on the survival, invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells, and we discuss the research challenges.

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microRNAs in Cancer: Lessons from Melanoma

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

MicroRNA expression in BRAF-mutated and wild-type metastatic melanoma and its correlation with response duration to BRAF inhibitors

MicroRNA expression in BRAF-mutated and wild-type metastatic melanoma and its correlation with response duration to BRAF inhibitors

miRNAs in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Skin Cancer

Microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor expression levels in melanoma cells contribute to cell invasion and proliferation

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