MicroRNAs in Several Cutaneous Autoimmune Diseases: Psoriasis, Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus and Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the gene expression at a post-transcriptional level and participate in maintaining the correct cell homeostasis and functioning. Different specific profiles have been identified in lesional skin from autoimmune cutaneous diseases, and their deregulation cause aberrant control of biological pathways, contributing to pathogenic conditions. Detailed knowledge of microRNA-affected pathways is of crucial importance for understating their role in skin autoimmune diseases. They may be promising therapeutic targets with novel clinical implications. They are not only present in skin tissue, but they have also been found in other biological fluids, such as serum, plasma and urine from patients, and therefore, they are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of described miRNAs in several cutaneous autoimmune diseases: psoriasis (Ps, 33 miRNAs), cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE, 2 miRNAs) and atopic dermatitis (AD, 8 miRNAs). We highlight their role as crucial elements implicated in disease pathogenesis and their applicability as biomarkers and as a novel therapeutic approach in the management of skin inflammatory diseases.

Immunology of Acute and Chronic Wound Healing

“…The hallmark of non-healed wounds is chronic inflammation caused by infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells [7]. Therefore, designing strategies based on the regulation of immune cells' functions is a promising approach in regenerative medicine to treat chronic wounds, including diabetic, vascular and pressure ulcers [138].…”

miRNA-203b-3p Induces Acute and Chronic Pruritus through 5-HTR2B and TRPV4

“…A search for miRNAs that are dysregulated in patients with psoriasis revealed that some miRNAs were upregulated in skin biopsies from psoriatic patients (Domingo et al, 2020). Thus, we tested whether the corresponding mouse miRNA isoforms were capable of provoking a scratching behavior in naive animals following subcutaneous injection in the nape of the neck.…”

Anti-Inflammatory microRNAs for Treating Inflammatory Skin Diseases

“…There are two approaches for employing miRNA as a gene modulator: miRNA inhibitors/antagomirs, and miRNA mimics/agomirs. The miRNA inhibitor/antagomir approach is utilized for the aberrantly expressed miRNAs that are upregulated in diseases, while anti-miRNA or miRNA inhibitors specifically bind to endogenous mature miRNA, thus preventing targeted miRNA expression [ 27 ]. In contrast, miRNAs that are reduced in diseases can be supplied transiently using miRNA mimics and agomirs.…”