MicroRNAs in the Pineal Gland

Clokie, Samuel; Lau, Pierre; Kim, Hyun Hee; Coon, Steven L.; Klein, David C.

doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.356733

Cited by 68 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Recent data show that the microRNA miRNA-483 suppresses pineal Aanat expression and exhibits an inverse developmental expression pattern with high levels early in development [120], thus suggesting that maturation of pineal physiology in addition to a specific composition of homeodomain transcription factors may also involve a timely controlled relief from suppressing microRNAs.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeobox Genes in the Rodent Pineal Gland: Roles in Development and Phenotype Maintenance

et al. 2012

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The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine gland responsible for nocturnal synthesis of melatonin. During early development of the rodent pineal gland from the roof of the diencephalon, homeobox genes of the orthodenticle homeobox (Otx)- and paired box (Pax)-families are expressed and are essential for normal pineal development consistent with the well-established role that homeobox genes play in developmental processes. However, the pineal gland appears to be unusual because strong homeobox gene expression persists in the pineal gland of the adult brain. Accordingly, in addition to developmental functions, homeobox genes appear to be key regulators in postnatal phenotype maintenance in this tissue. In this paper, we review ontogenetic and phylogenetic aspects of pineal development and recent progress in understanding the involvement of homebox genes in rodent pineal development and adult function. A working model is proposed for understanding the sequential action of homeobox genes in controlling development and mature circadian function of the mammalian pinealocyte based on knowledge from detailed developmental and daily gene expression analyses in rats, the pineal phenotypes of homebox gene-deficient mice and studies on development of the retinal photoreceptor; the pinealocyte and retinal photoreceptor share features not seen in other tissues and are likely to have evolved from the same ancestral photodetector cell.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeobox Genes in the Rodent Pineal Gland: Roles in Development and Phenotype Maintenance

et al. 2012

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“…A previous study analyzed the light-induced transcriptome of the pineal gland of zebrafish and showed that miR-183 affects the mRNA level of aanat2, the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis (Ben-Moshe et al, 2014). It was also reported that miR-483 regulated the synthesis of melatonin by inhibiting Aanat in the pineal glands of rats (Clokie et al, 2012). Another study identified lncRNAs that are differentially expressed between day and night in the pineal glands of rats (Coon et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the circRNAs mainly work by binding miRNAs and suppressing their function, we predicted the miRNAs with binding sites in circRNA sequences (Figure 4G). Among the identified miRNA-circRNA pairs, circMboat2 and circNlrp5-ps were predicted to be regulated by miR-483, which was shown to suppress Aanat, the enzyme critical for melatonin synthesis (Clokie et al, 2012). Therefore, these circRNAs may be involved in the regulatory network of pineal gland function such as melatonin synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of Pineal Glands in the Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Nam

Yoon

Kim

et al. 2020

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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The pineal gland maintains the circadian rhythm in the body by secreting the hormone melatonin. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Pineal gland impairment in AD is widely observed, but no study to date has analyzed the transcriptome in the pineal glands of AD. To establish resources for the study on pineal gland dysfunction in AD, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the pineal glands of AD model mice and compared them to those of wild type mice. We identified the global change of diverse protein-coding RNAs, which are implicated in the alteration in cellular transport, protein transport, protein folding, collagen expression, histone dosage, and the electron transfer system. We also discovered various dysregulated long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs in the pineal glands of mice with AD. This study showed that the expression of diverse RNAs with important functional implications in AD was changed in the pineal gland of the AD mouse model. The analyzed data reported in this study will be an important resource for future studies to elucidate the altered physiology of the pineal gland in AD.

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“…In the rat pineal gland, several miRNAs were shown to be preferentially expressed relative to other organs or parts of the CNS [39]. While one of the enriched miRNAs, miR-125b , did not show substantial day/night differences, cycles of moderate amplitude were observed in a number of other cases, such as miR-143 and miR-124 .…”

Section: Melatonin Synthesizing Organs: Modulation Of Mrna Stabilimentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin, Noncoding RNAs, Messenger RNA Stability and Epigenetics—Evidence, Hints, Gaps and Perspectives

Hardeland

2014

IJMS

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Melatonin is a highly pleiotropic regulator molecule, which influences numerous functions in almost every organ and, thus, up- or down-regulates many genes, frequently in a circadian manner. Our understanding of the mechanisms controlling gene expression is actually now expanding to a previously unforeseen extent. In addition to classic actions of transcription factors, gene expression is induced, suppressed or modulated by a number of RNAs and proteins, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, piRNAs, antisense transcripts, deadenylases, DNA methyltransferases, histone methylation complexes, histone demethylases, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases. Direct or indirect evidence for involvement of melatonin in this network of players has originated in different fields, including studies on central and peripheral circadian oscillators, shift work, cancer, inflammation, oxidative stress, aging, energy expenditure/obesity, diabetes type 2, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurogenesis. Some of the novel modulators have also been shown to participate in the control of melatonin biosynthesis and melatonin receptor expression. Future work will need to augment the body of evidence on direct epigenetic actions of melatonin and to systematically investigate its role within the network of oscillating epigenetic factors. Moreover, it will be necessary to discriminate between effects observed under conditions of well-operating and deregulated circadian clocks, and to explore the possibilities of correcting epigenetic malprogramming by melatonin.

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MicroRNAs in the Pineal Gland

Cited by 68 publications

References 52 publications

Homeobox Genes in the Rodent Pineal Gland: Roles in Development and Phenotype Maintenance

Homeobox Genes in the Rodent Pineal Gland: Roles in Development and Phenotype Maintenance

Transcriptome Analysis of Pineal Glands in the Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Melatonin, Noncoding RNAs, Messenger RNA Stability and Epigenetics—Evidence, Hints, Gaps and Perspectives

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