MicroRNAs in urine as diagnostic biomarkers for multiple myeloma

Abstract

Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy. It is of great clinical significance to screen microRNAs (miRNAs) in urine as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for MM. Methods Urinary miRNAs in MM were performed by Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 and verified by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of abnormal miRNAs for MM. Progression‐free survival (PFS) of MM was calculated by Kaplan‐Meier. Results In microarray analysis, twelve down‐regulated miRNAs dysregulated in MM. The expression levels of miR‐134‐5p, miR‐6500‐5p, miR‐548q, and miR‐548y were validated. These miRNAs were significantly lower in MM (P < .05), but there was no significant difference between newly diagnosed, relapse, and remission group of MM (P> .05). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of miR‐134‐5p, miR‐6500‐5p, miR‐548q, and miR‐548y to MM was 91.7%, 100%, 100%, and 91.7%, and the specificity was 66.7%, 75.0%, 75.0%, and 100%, respectively. The four miRNAs were negatively correlated with the total urinary light chain (r = −0.427 P = .030, r = −0.461 P = .018, r = −0.469 P = .016, r = −0.493 P = .011). In addition, miR‐134‐5p, miR‐6500‐5p, and miR‐548q were positively correlated with serum ALB (r = 0.518 P = .006, r = 0.400 P = .039,r = 0.492 P = .009). The expression level of miRNAs had no significant influence on PFS in MM patients (P> .05). Conclusion The results show that miR‐134‐5p, miR‐6500‐5p, miR‐548q, and miR‐548y are potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for MM.

The changing microRNA landscape by color and cloudiness: a cautionary tale for nipple aspirate fluid biomarker analysis

“…Even though liquid sample appearance is quite relevant for clinical assessment (e.g. urine, sputum, drain fluids or cerebrospinal fluid), such a variable is scarcely reported in the evaluation of new biomarkers in liquid biopsies [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] and has seldom been investigated with the purpose of evaluating its intrinsic influence on (mi)RNA levels. Here, we present the association of NAF sample appearance with individual characteristics, and evaluate its effect on intra-individual and inter-individual miRNA expression variability and normalization.…”

Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Diagnosis, Prediction and Prognosis of Multiple Myeloma

“…Moreover, they did not notice any statistically significant differences in the expression of the mentioned miRNAs between groups with newly diagnosed MM, in remission and relapse phases of the disease. Interestingly, they also noticed a negative correlation between the expression of the mentioned miRNAs and the total concentration of κ and λ light chains in urine, which are a recognized diagnostic marker of MM (respectively: rho = −0.427, rho = −0.461, rho = −0.469, rho = −0.493) [ 40 ]. Of the miRNAs described in the mentioned study, the role in the pathogenesis of MM is best known for miR-134-5p and the miR-548 family.…”