microRNAs: Novel players in hepatitis C virus infection

Li, Xiaofei; Yang, Wenjun; Ye, Weiwei; Jin, Lingzhen; He, Jinke; Lou, Lianqing

doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2014.04.008

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…1 More and more studies have revealed that miRNAs play important roles in many different biological processes, such as proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis, oncogenesis, and immunity. [2][3][4][5] The process of spermatogenesis is very complicated. 6 Recent findings showed that miRNAs were expressed in a developmental stage-specific manner during spermatogenesis, which suggested that these miRNAs might participate in male germ cell development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of MicroRNAs in Zebrafish Spermatozoa

et al. 2015

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in almost all biological processes. Plenty of evidences show that some testis- or spermatozoa-specific miRNAs play crucial roles in the process of gonad and germ cell development. In this study, the spermatozoa miRNA profiles were investigated through a combination of illumina deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis in zebrafish. Deep sequencing of small RNAs yielded 11,820,680 clean reads. By mapping to the zebrafish genome, we identified 400 novel and 204 known miRNAs that could be grouped into 104 families. Furthermore, we selected the six highest expressions of known miRNAs to detect their expression patterns in different tissues by stem-loop quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found that among the six miRNAs, dre-miR-202-5p displayed specific and high expression in zebrafish spermatozoa and testis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated that dre-miR-202-5p was predominantly expressed in all kind of germ cells at different spermatogenetic stages, including spermatogonia and spermatozoa, but barely expressed in the germ cells in the ovary. This sex-biased expression pattern suggests that dre-miR-202-5p might be related to spermatogenesis and the functioning of spermatozoa. The identification of miRNAs in zebrafish spermatozoa and germ cells offers new insights into the spermatogenesis and spermatozoa in the teleost and other vertebrates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of MicroRNAs in Zebrafish Spermatozoa

et al. 2015

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“…miRNAs, which are endogenous post-transcription/translation inhibitors, have been shown to play an important role in various viral infections. Several DNA viruses and retroviruses are known to code for their own miRNAs or have been shown to modulate the host cellular miRNAs for their replication and disease development [9,10,11,12,13,14]. On the other hand, alphaviruses, which are the RNA viruses, are not known to encode miRNAs [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in several viral infections [9,10,11,12,13,14], and miRNA modulation in CHIKV-infected primary fibroblast cells has been reported to be related to the induction of TGF-β and downregulation of anaphase-promoting complex genes [4]. In this study, we tested miRNA modulation in mouse fibroblast cells early after the infection to identify pathways that are targeted by the CHIKV immediately after the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya Virus Infection Alters Expression of MicroRNAs Involved in Cellular Proliferation, Immune Response and Apoptosis

Sharma

Balakathiresan

Maheshwari³

2015

Intervirology

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Objective(s): Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging virus of significant importance that has caused large-scale outbreaks in the countries with a temperate climate. CHIKV causes debilitating arthralgia which can persist for weeks and up to a year. Fibroblast cells are the main target of CHIKV infection. In this study, we analyzed microRNA (miRNA) modulation in the fibroblast cells infected with CHIKV at an early stage of infection. Methods: 760 miRNAs were analyzed for modulation following infection with CHIKV at 6 h after infection. Bioinformatic analysis was done to identify the signaling pathway that may be targeted by the significantly modulated miRNAs. Validation of the miRNAs was done using a singleplex miRNA assay and protein target validation of modulated miRNAs was done by Western blot analysis. Results: Computational analysis of the significantly modulated miRNAs indicated their involvement in signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptor, mTOR, JAK-STAT and Pi3-Akt pathways, which have been shown to play important roles during CHIKV infection. Topoisomerase IIβ, a target of two of the modulated miRNAs, was downregulated upon CHIKV infection. Conclusion(s): We identified several miRNAs that may play important roles in early events after CHIKV infection and can be potential therapeutic targets against CHIKV infection.

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“…Nevertheless, many microorganisms have been shown to modulate the expression of several host miRNAs either to facilitate their own replication, survival and pathogenesis or for some unknown functions [30, 41–43]. Restriction of viral replication by RNA interference (RNAi) either by miRNA or siRNA in human cells is still a controversial issue [44].…”

Section: Role Of Mirna In Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…miR-122, which is abundantly expressed in liver cells, interacts with HCV genomic RNA and facilitates its replication in infected cells [45, 53]. The interaction is mediated through binding of two copies of miR-122 to their respective seed map sites located within the 5′ UTR of the HCV genome [43, 45] The stable heterotrimeric interaction enhances HCV translation by promoting its association with ribosomes during the early initiation stage of translation [43]. Furthermore, miR-122 associated Argonaute proteins attached to the 5′ end of HCV genomic RNA protects the RNA from 5′ exonuclease activity, specifically of the 5′ to 3′ exoribonuclease 1 (Xrn1) [54, 55].…”

Section: Role Of Mirna In Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian microRNA: an important modulator of host-pathogen interactions in human viral infections

et al. 2016

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNAs expressed by almost all metazoans, have key roles in the regulation of cell differentiation, organism development and gene expression. Thousands of miRNAs regulating approximately 60 % of the total human genome have been identified. They regulate genetic expression either by direct cleavage or by translational repression of the target mRNAs recognized through partial complementary base pairing. The active and functional unit of miRNA is its complex with Argonaute proteins known as the microRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). De-regulated miRNA expression in the human cell may contribute to a diverse group of disorders including cancer, cardiovascular dysfunctions, liver damage, immunological dysfunction, metabolic syndromes and pathogenic infections. Current day studies have revealed that miRNAs are indeed a pivotal component of host-pathogen interactions and host immune responses toward microorganisms. miRNA is emerging as a tool for genetic study, therapeutic development and diagnosis for human pathogenic infections caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. Many pathogens can exploit the host miRNA system for their own benefit such as surviving inside the host cell, replication, pathogenesis and bypassing some host immune barriers, while some express pathogen-encoded miRNA inside the host contributing to their replication, survival and/or latency. In this review, we discuss the role and significance of miRNA in relation to some pathogenic viruses.

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microRNAs: Novel players in hepatitis C virus infection

Cited by 18 publications

References 92 publications

Identification of MicroRNAs in Zebrafish Spermatozoa

Identification of MicroRNAs in Zebrafish Spermatozoa

Chikungunya Virus Infection Alters Expression of MicroRNAs Involved in Cellular Proliferation, Immune Response and Apoptosis

Mammalian microRNA: an important modulator of host-pathogen interactions in human viral infections

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