Microsatellite analysis of medfly bioinfestations in California

Abstract

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is a destructive agricultural pest with a long history of invasion success. This pest has been affecting different regions of the United States for the past 30 years, but a number of studies of medfly bioinfestations has focused on the situation in California. Although some progress has been made in terms of establishing the origin of infestations, the overall status of this pest in this area remains controversial. Specifically, do flies captured over the years represent independent infestations or the persistence of a resident population? We present an effort to answer this question based on the use of multilocus genotyping. Ten microsatellite loci were used to analyse 109 medflies captured in several infestations within California between 1992 and 1998. Using these same markers, 242 medflies from regions of the world having 'established' populations of this pest including Hawaii, Guatemala, El Salvador, Ecuador, Brazil, Argentina and Peru, were also analysed. Although phylogenetic analysis, amova analysis, the IMMANC assignment test and geneclass exclusion test analysis suggest that some of the medflies captured in California are derived from independent invasion events, analysis of specimens from the Los Angeles basin provides support for the hypothesis that an endemic population, probably derived from Guatemala, has been established.

Pathway Analysis of <I>Ceratitis capitata</I> (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using Mitochondrial DNA

“…The monomorphic nature of Ccmic7 prevented us from determining if this locus was within Mendelian expectations. Testing with additional geographic collections is suggested for Ccmic7 because this marker has historical significance among medfly captures gathered in California as reported by Bonizzoni et al (2001) and Gasperi et al (2002).…”

“…In our study, we demonstrated that 14 microsatellite loci for this international pest perform according to Mendelian expectations thereby supporting their use for identifying the source population of medfly interceptions or incursions. Several of these microsatellite markers are an important resource in source estimations for fruit fly captures and provide information useful in the management of medfly (Bonizzoni et al 2000(Bonizzoni et al , 2001(Bonizzoni et al , 2004Stratikopoulos et al 2009;Kartsen 2013). Six of the evaluated loci (i.e., Ccmic3, Ccmic6, Ccmic7, Ccmic9, Ccmic14, and Ccmic15) were developed and used on medflies collected from tropical Africa, the Mediterranean basin and South America (Bonizzoni et al 2000).…”

“…This is true for the medfly, which poses a significant risk to agricultural production and global trade (Barr 2009). The microsatellite methods developed to date for this invasive pest have been used to understand invasion patterns in fruit producing regions around the world (Bonizzoni et al 2000(Bonizzoni et al , 2001(Bonizzoni et al , 2004Gasperi et al 2002), to estimate multiple paternity , and for the construction of cytogenetic maps (Straikopulos et al 2008(Straikopulos et al , 2009. Although verified using HWE tests with an initial examination to determine if these markers fall within Mendelian ratios, a more comprehensive examination of a select few markers is needed.…”

Analysis of olive fly invasion in California based on microsatellite markers

“…Microsatellites are particularly informative in the study of recent population phenomena, such as biological invasions (Bruford and Wayne, 1993;Schlö tterer and Pemberton, 1994;Tautz and Schlötterer, 1994). Moreover, they have been successfully used in the analysis of population structure of different Tephritidae species, such as Ceratitis capitata (Bonizzoni et al, 2001;Gasperi et al, 2002), Bactrocera dorsalis (Aketarawong et al, 2007) and B. tryoni (Yu et al, 2001;Gilchrist et al, 2004). In the case of C. capitata, they have provided guidance in establishing the source of recent invasions in different parts of the world (Meixner et al, 2002;Bonizzoni et al, 2004).…”

Genetic Diversity of ND5 mitochondrial patterns inCeratitis capitata(Diptera: Tephritidae) populations from Tunisia

“…For the analysis of such invasive pest populations, DNA based genetic markers have showed a number of advantages in comparison to other types of genetic markers and to traditional methods based on morphological and/or behavioural characters. DNA markers used in previous studies of Mediterranean fruit fl y populations include those derived from nuclear genes such as RAPDs (Haymer & McInnis 1994) and intron sequences He & Haymer 1999), microsatellites (Bonizzoni et al 2001), as well as those derived from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (McPheron et al 1994;Gasparich et al 1995;Kourti 1997;Ochando et al 2003). Mitochondrial DNA markers in particular have proved to be effi cient for characterizing some aspects of the genetic diversity of medfl y populations due in part to its haploid and uniparental (maternal) mode of inheritance and to the absence of recombination (Reyes & Ochando 2004).…”