Microsatellite Markers and Genotyping Procedures for Anopheles gambiae

Wang, R.; Kafatos, Fotis C.; Zheng, Liyun

doi:10.1016/s0169-4758(98)01360-x

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Use of a PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism marker (7) unambiguously classified the A. gambiae specimens as M or S molecular forms, with an efficiency of 91%. All mosquitoes were genotyped at microsatellite loci by previously described high-throughput methods (22 (Table 1). Depending on the degree of freedom f, two direct statistical significance tests, P t and P f , can be applied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is notable that this systematic study has detected two genetic differences at microsatellite loci, despite the failure of several previous attempts to find molecular markers specific for the M and S molecular forms in regions different from the rDNA locus (1-4, 7). Systematic genotyping is greatly facilitated by high-throughput methods (22). We have found it is important to subject the data to analysis with multiple parameters of genetic differentiation, including those that correspond to different mutational models.…”

Section: Analysis Of Mosquito Microsatellite Data With Four Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

When genetic distance matters: Measuring genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci in whole-genome scans of recent and incipient mosquito species

Wang

Zheng

Touré

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Genetic distance measurements are an important tool to differentiate field populations of disease vectors such as the mosquito vectors of malaria. Here, we have measured the genetic differentiation between Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae, as well as between proposed emerging species of the latter taxon, in whole genome scans by using 23-25 microsatellite loci. In doing so, we have reviewed and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of standard parameters of genetic distance, F ST, RST, (␦ ) 2 , and D. Further, we have introduced new parameters, D and D K, which have well defined statistical significance tests and complement the standard parameters to advantage. D is a modification of D, whereas D K is a measure of covariance based on Pearson's correlation coefficient. We find that A. gambiae and A. arabiensis are closely related at most autosomal loci but appear to be distantly related on the basis of X-linked chromosomal loci within the chromosomal Xag inversion. The M and S molecular forms of A. gambiae are practically indistinguishable but differ significantly at two microsatellite loci from the proximal region of the X, outside the Xag inversion. At one of these loci, both M and S molecular forms differ significantly from A. arabiensis, but remarkably, at the other locus, A. arabiensis is indistinguishable from the M molecular form of A. gambiae. These data support the recent proposal of genetically differentiated M and S molecular forms of A. gambiae.M any major infectious diseases, such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and sleeping sickness, are transmitted by insect vectors. Molecular genetic markers have become powerful tools for elucidating the population biology and evolution of such vectors, topics that are highly relevant to disease transmission in the field (1-4). Genetic variation in vector populations contributes to their susceptibility to infection by the pathogen, their degree of anthropophily, their daily survival and reproductive rates, and the epidemiology of the disease in the human host (5). A case in point is the African mosquito of the Anopheles gambiae (sensu latu) complex (5). These include the most important vector of human malaria, A. gambiae (sensu strictu), as well as closely related species that are significant vectors in specific areas (e.g., Anopheles arabiensis) or are altogether unable to serve as vectors (Anopheles quadriannulatus). Furthermore, even within A. gambiae s.s., cytologically defined chromosomal forms (e.g., Mopti, Savanna, and Bamako) are reproductively isolated in the northern dry areas of West Africa, including Mali and Burkina Faso, and may represent emerging species with different disease transmission characteristics (5, 6). Although many DNA regions have been recently analyzed to examine genetic differentiation within A. gambiae s.s, the only fixed molecular differences found so far that consistently discriminate chromosomal forms are in the X-linked ribosomal (r)DNA region (1-4, 7). In Mali and Burkina Faso, these markers distinguish Mopti from Sava...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Mosquito Microsatellite Data With Four Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

When genetic distance matters: Measuring genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci in whole-genome scans of recent and incipient mosquito species

Wang

Zheng

Touré

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The molecular study of the genome was initiated with the construction of a first low-resolution physical map, linked to the polytene chromosomes (Zheng et al 1991), followed by the construction of a detailed, microsatellite-based recombination map (Zheng et al 1993(Zheng et al , 1996. Integration of the genetic (recombinational), cytogenetic (polytene), and molecular (clone and sequence) maps has progressed rapidly; it entails the genetic and cytogenetic mapping of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (Dimopoulos et al 1996a), the recombinational mapping of microsatellites, and the assignment of both microsatellites and anonymous DNA markers to specific chromosomal locations, using in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes (della Torre et al 1996;Dimopoulos et al 1996a;Zheng et al 1996;Wang et al 1999). Microsatellites have been used successfully both for gene mapping Zheng et al 1997;Ranson et al 2000) and for studies of population biology (e.g., see Lanzaro et al 1998;Kamau et al 1999;Wang et al 1999Wang et al , 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Genomic Analysis of Two Distant Diptera, the Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae

Большаков

Topalis²,

Blass³

et al. 2002

Genome Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Genome evolution entails changes in the DNA sequence of genes and intergenic regions, changes in gene numbers, and also changes in gene order along the chromosomes. Genes are reshuffled by chromosomal rearrangements such as deletions/insertions, inversions, translocations, and transpositions. Here we report a comparative study of genome organization in the main African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, relative to the recently determined sequence of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. The ancestral lines of these two dipteran insects are thought to have separated ∼250 Myr, a long period that makes this genome comparison especially interesting. Sequence comparisons have identified 113 pairs of putative orthologs of the two species. Chromosomal mapping of orthologous genes reveals that each polytene chromosome arm has a homolog in the other species. Between 41% and 73% of the known orthologous genes remain linked in the respective homologous chromosomal arms, with the remainder translocated to various nonhomologous arms. Within homologous arms, gene order is extensively reshuffled, but a limited degree of conserved local synteny (microsynteny) can be recognized.

show abstract

“…DNA from wild-caught female parents used as isofemale family founders and DNA from each F 1 pedigree were used to establish the segregation pattern of the markers used in molecular typing. Molecular typing used 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers selected from published linkage maps (Zheng et al 1996;Wang et al 1999) to cover the two autosomal chromosomes and the X chromosome for broad genome coverage. Microsatellite primers for PCR labeled with fluorescent M13 dye were obtained from Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA) and used to amplify microsatellite alleles according to the supplier's recommendations.…”

Section: Breeding Mosquito Pedigrees and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Refractoriness to Plasmodium falciparum in Natural Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes From a Malaria-Endemic Region in Western Kenya

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural anopheline populations exhibit much variation in ability to support malaria parasite development, but the genetic mechanisms underlying this variation are not clear. Previous studies in Mali, West Africa, identified two quantitative trait loci (QTL) in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes that confer refractoriness (failure of oocyst development in mosquito midguts) to natural Plasmodium falciparum parasites. We hypothesize that new QTL may be involved in mosquito refractoriness to malaria parasites and that the frequency of natural refractoriness genotypes may be higher in the basin region of Lake Victoria, East Africa, where malaria transmission intensity and parasite genetic diversity are among the highest in the world. Using field-derived F 2 isofemale families and microsatellite marker genotyping, two loci significantly affecting oocyst density were identified: one on chromosome 2 between markers AG2H135 and AG2H603 and the second on chromosome 3 near marker AG3H93. The first locus was detected in three of the five isofemale families studied and colocalized to the same region as Pen3 and pfin1 described in other studies. The second locus was detected in two of the five isofemale families, and it appears to be a new QTL. QTL on chromosome 2 showed significant additive effects while those on chromosome 3 exhibited significant dominant effects. Identification of P. falciparum-refractoriness QTL in natural An. gambiae mosquitoes is critical to the identification of the genes involved in malaria parasite transmission in nature and for understanding the coevolution between malaria parasites and mosquito vectors.

show abstract

Microsatellite Markers and Genotyping Procedures for Anopheles gambiae

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

When genetic distance matters: Measuring genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci in whole-genome scans of recent and incipient mosquito species

When genetic distance matters: Measuring genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci in whole-genome scans of recent and incipient mosquito species

A Comparative Genomic Analysis of Two Distant Diptera, the Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae

Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Refractoriness to Plasmodium falciparum in Natural Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes From a Malaria-Endemic Region in Western Kenya

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About