“…DNA extraction protocol according to Doyle and Doyle () was used to extract DNA from approximately 50 mg of silica gel dried needles. Eleven nuclear microsatellite loci previously identified in various Abies species were used SF324, SF333, SFb04, SF1 (Cremer et al., ), ABF18 (Saito, Lian, Hogetsu, & Ide, ), NFF7, NFF3, NFH15, NFH3 (Hansen, Vendramin, Sebastiani, & Edwards, ), AB15 (Rasmussen, Andersen, Frauenfelder, & Kollmann, ), and AfSI16 (Josserand et al., ). Two multiplex and three singleplex reactions were done.…”