Microsatellite variation and fine‐scale population structure in the wood frog (<i>Rana sylvatica</i>)

Newman, Robert A.; Squire, Tina

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01255.x

Cited by 149 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…A full description of site selection for these ponds is available in Brady (2012, 2013). Across all ponds, pairwise distance ranged from 880 to 6,060 m. Estimates of neutral genetic neighborhood for the wood frog range from about 1,000 to 10,000 m (Berven & Grudzien, 1990; Newman & Squire, 2001), although evidence for local adaptation has been reported between populations separated by as few as 10s of meters (Skelly, 2004). Thus, the populations we report likely experience limited gene flow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating evolutionary insights to improve ecotoxicology for freshwater species

Brady

Richardson

Kunz

2017

Evolutionary Applications

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Ecotoxicological studies have provided extensive insights into the lethal and sublethal effects of environmental contaminants. These insights are critical for environmental regulatory frameworks, which rely on knowledge of toxicity for developing policies to manage contaminants. While varied approaches have been applied to ecotoxicological questions, perspectives related to the evolutionary history of focal species or populations have received little consideration. Here, we evaluate chloride toxicity from the perspectives of both macroevolution and contemporary evolution. First, by mapping chloride toxicity values derived from the literature onto a phylogeny of macroinvertebrates, fish, and amphibians, we tested whether macroevolutionary relationships across species and taxa are predictive of chloride tolerance. Next, we conducted chloride exposure tests for two amphibian species to assess whether potential contemporary evolutionary change associated with environmental chloride contamination influences chloride tolerance across local populations. We show that explicitly evaluating both macroevolution and contemporary evolution can provide important and even qualitatively different insights from those obtained via traditional ecotoxicological studies. While macroevolutionary perspectives can help forecast toxicological end points for species with untested sensitivities, contemporary evolutionary perspectives demonstrate the need to consider the environmental context of exposed populations when measuring toxicity. Accounting for divergence among populations of interest can provide more accurate and relevant information related to the sensitivity of populations that may be evolving in response to selection from contaminant exposure. Our data show that approaches accounting for and specifically examining variation among natural populations should become standard practice in ecotoxicology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating evolutionary insights to improve ecotoxicology for freshwater species

Brady

Richardson

Kunz

2017

Evolutionary Applications

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“…Relatively few studies have investigated microsatellite variation in anurans, but those studies found relatively low levels of within-population diversity. Mean H E ranged from 0.088-0.77 in studies reviewed by Newman and Squire (2001). More recently, mean H E was calculated from microsatellite loci in Hyla arborea (0.52, Arens et al 2000), Rana lessonae (0.57, Garner et al 2000;Zeisset et al 2000), R. ridibunda (0.59.…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Population Sizes and Temporal Stability of Genetic Structure in Rana Pipiens, the Northern Leopard Frog

2004

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Abstract. Although studies of population genetic structure are very common, whether genetic structure is stable over time has been assessed for very few taxa. The question of stability over time is particularly interesting for frogs because it is not clear to what extent frogs exist in dynamic metapopulations with frequent extinction and recolonization, or in stable patches at equilibrium between drift and gene flow. In this study we collected tissue samples from the same five populations of leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, over a 22-30 year time interval (11-15 generations). Genetic structure among the populations was very stable, suggesting that these populations were not undergoing frequent extinction and colonization. We also estimated the effective size of each population from the change in allele frequencies over time. There exist few estimates of effective size for frog populations, but the data available suggest that ranid frogs may have much larger ratios of effective size (N e ) to census size (N c ) than toads (bufonidae). Our results indicate that R. pipiens populations have effective sizes on the order of hundreds to at most a few thousand frogs, and N e /N c ratios in the range of 0.1-1.0. These estimates of N e /N c are consistent with those estimated for other Rana species. Finally, we compared the results of three temporal methods for estimating N e . Moment and pseudolikelihood methods that assume a closed population gave the most similar point estimates, although the moment estimates were consistently two to four times larger. Wang and Whitlock's new method that jointly estimates N e and the rate of immigration into a population (m) gave much smaller estimates of N e and implausibly large estimates of m. This method requires knowing allele frequencies in the source of immigrants, but was thought to be insensitive to inexact estimates. In our case the method may have failed because we did not know the true source of immigrants for each population. The method may be more sensitive to choice of source frequencies than was previously appreciated, and so should be used with caution if the most likely source of immigrants cannot be identified clearly.Key words. Anuran, genetic structure, microsatellite, Rana pipiens, temporal stability, temporal variation, variance effective size. A fundamental goal of population genetics is to understand the relative importance of microevolutionary forces in determining the existing patterns of genetic variation within a species. Consequently, using molecular markers to estimate parameters such as the effective sizes of, and migration rates among, natural populations has become a major focus in the field of evolutionary biology. However, elucidation of past processes and the prediction of future patterns from molecular data requires that a state of equilibrium have developed between genetic drift and gene flow in the populations of interest. Demographic instability can disrupt that equilibrium (Whitlock 1992), rendering single ''snapshot'' estimates of population struc...

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“…Information on the population genetic structure of amphibians could help, at least in part, to understand the reason for such declines. Amphibian populations are often thought to have a metapopulation spatial structure (Alford and Richards, 1999), but few studies have actually assessed interpopulation movement, much less the effects of such movement on population dynamics and genetic structure (Newman and Squire, 2001). Amphibians are also thought to have low dispersal rates (Blaustein et al, 1994), although this may not apply to all species (Funk et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure of Eupemphix nattereri (Amphibia, Anura, Leiuperidae) from Central Brazil

et al. 2007

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This study reports on 156 specimens of the amphibian Eupemphix nattereri, a widely distributed leiuperid, obtained from 11 municipalities of central Brazil. The extent of genetic variation was quantified by determining the mean number of alleles per locus and the proportion of polymorphic loci. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed on the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) haplotypes. The genetic distances obtained by calculating pairwise Φst among local samples were used to determine population relationships using the unweighted pair-group method (UPGMA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The cophenetic correlation was calculated to confirm agreement between the genetic matrix and the unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) dendrogram. To determine if genetic distances were correlated to geographical distances we constructed pairwise genetic distance and geographical distance matrices and compared them using the Mantel test. The AMOVA results indicated significant genetic differences (p < 0.001) between E. nattereri populations, representing 69.5% of the within population genetic diversity. The Mantel test showed no significant correlation (r = 0.03; p = 0.45) between the genetic and geographical distance matrices. Our findings indicate that the genetic variation of E. nattereri populations was randomly distributed in geographic space and that gene flow for this species is probably structured at spatial scales smaller than those between our samples

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Microsatellite variation and fine‐scale population structure in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica)

Cited by 149 publications

References 128 publications

Incorporating evolutionary insights to improve ecotoxicology for freshwater species

Incorporating evolutionary insights to improve ecotoxicology for freshwater species

Effective Population Sizes and Temporal Stability of Genetic Structure in Rana Pipiens, the Northern Leopard Frog

Population structure of Eupemphix nattereri (Amphibia, Anura, Leiuperidae) from Central Brazil

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