Microsatellite Variation of Double-Crested Cormorant Populations in Eastern North America

Green, M. Clay; Waits, Juliann L.; Avery, Michael L.; Tobin, Mark E.; Leberg, Paul L.

doi:10.2193/0022-541x(2006)70[579:mvodcp]2.0.co;2

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Other authors have reported the use of alternative flyways by different populations without characterizing the precise area of disjunction (Rubenstein et al 2002;McKay 2009). In addition to a quantitative assessment of migratory connectivity, application of our method to other birds and migratory animals may reveal (Waits et al 2003;Green et al 2006), the migratory divide evidenced here cannot be explained by past divergence in isolation and current populations retracing their historical expansion routes (Ruegg and Smith 2002). The hypothesis that it evolved to diminish travel cost or favor earlier arrival (Boulet and Norris 2006) also receives little support.…”

Section: Migratory Movementsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Migratory connectivity is the degree to which a specific breeding population can be linked to a specific wintering location. Unraveling the degree of migratory connectivity in the cormorant is important to develop efficient management strategies on a local and regional basis (Green et al 2006). There is also an ongoing debate whether cormorant populations should be managed on a flyway basis (Hebert et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of local and migratory movements of Great Lakes double-crested cormorants

et al. 2011

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Section: Migratory Movementsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of local and migratory movements of Great Lakes double-crested cormorants

et al. 2011

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“…Molecular genetic analyses of the currently recognized subspecies of double‐crested cormorant have been conducted since previous regional or national status assessments were completed. Waits et al () and Green et al () restricted their analyses to the relationship of cormorants in the southeastern versus northeastern United States and found a lack of support for delineation below the species level between these regions. Mercer et al () analyzed samples of individuals from throughout North America and found little support for recognition of separate subspecies within the continental United States and Canada, outside of Alaska, indicating a lack of connectivity between the western population and Alaska.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent population size, trends, and limiting factors for the double-crested cormorant in western North America

et al. 2014

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The status of the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) in western North America was last evaluated during [1987][1988][1989][1990][1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003]. In the interim, concern has grown over the potential impact of predation by double-crested cormorants on juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), particularly in the Columbia Basin and along the Pacific coast where some salmonids are listed for protection under the United States Endangered Species Act. Recent re-evaluations of double-crested cormorant management at the local, flyway, and federal level warrant further examination of the current population size and trends in western North America. We collected colony size data for the western population (British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and the portions of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico west of the Continental Divide) by conducting aircraft-, boat-, or ground-based surveys and by cooperating with government agencies, universities, and non-profit organizations. In 2009, we estimated approximately 31,200 breeding pairs in the western population. We estimated that cormorant numbers in the Pacific Region (British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California) increased 72% from 1987-1992 to circa 2009. Based on the best available data for this period, the average annual growth rate (l) of the number of breeding birds in the Pacific Region was 1.03, versus 1.07 for the population east of the Continental Divide during recent decades. Most of the increase in the Pacific Region can be attributed to an increase in the size of the nesting colony on East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary, which accounts for about 39% of all breeding pairs in the western population and is the largest known breeding colony for the species (12,087 breeding pairs estimated in 2009). In contrast, numbers of breeding pairs estimated in coastal British Columbia and Washington have declined by approximately 66% during this same period. Disturbance at breeding colonies by bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and humans are likely limiting factors on the growth of the western population at present. Because of differences in biology and management, the western population of double-crested cormorants warrants consideration as a separate management unit from the population east of the Continental Divide. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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“…After fledging, pelicans from northern breeding colonies migrate south to wintering grounds in the southern USA and coastal Mexico (Strait & Sloan, 1975; Knopf & Evans, 2004). In double‐crested cormorant ( Phalacrocorax auritus Lesson, 1831) breeding colonies in central Florida, little genetic differentiation was found between resident birds and migratory populations from the Great Lakes and Atlantic coast that overwinter in central Florida (Green et al ., 2006). The results of the present study suggest that mixing of resident and migratory pelicans may be occurring in over‐wintering areas such as the Laguna Madre of Texas, thereby limiting any genetic differentiation between southern and northern colonies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panmixia on a continental scale in a widely distributed colonial waterbird

Reudink

Kyle

Nocera

et al. 2011

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Many highly mobile species, such as migratory birds, can move and disperse over long distances, yet exhibit high levels of population genetic structuring. Although movement capabilities may enable dispersal, gene flow may be restricted by behavioural constraints such as philopatry. In the present study, we examined patterns of genetic differentiation across the range of a highly mobile, colonial waterbird. American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) breed across continental North America and are currently experiencing a range expansion, especially on the eastern range limit. To assess patterns of genetic structuring, we sampled 333 individuals from 19 colonies across their North American range. The use of ten variable microsatellite markers revealed high levels of allelic richness with no population differentiation. Both Bayesian and frequentist approaches to examining genetic structuring revealed a single panmictic population. We found no evidence of genetic structuring across the Continental Divide or between migratory and non-migratory colonies. The lack of any genetic structure across the range indicates that, unlike other waterbirds with similar life-history characteristics, extensive gene flow and presumably low philopatry appear to preclude genetic differentiation. The lack of population genetic structure in American white pelicans provides an example of range-wide panmixia, a rare phenomenon in any terrestrial species.

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Microsatellite Variation of Double-Crested Cormorant Populations in Eastern North America

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Determinants of local and migratory movements of Great Lakes double-crested cormorants

Determinants of local and migratory movements of Great Lakes double-crested cormorants

Recent population size, trends, and limiting factors for the double-crested cormorant in western North America

Panmixia on a continental scale in a widely distributed colonial waterbird

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