Microscale Field-Flow Fractionation: Theory and Practice

Sant, Himanshu; Gale, Bruce K.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-68424-6_12

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The miniaturization of FFF techniques is also of particular interest, from the perspective of lower sample requirement, better resolution, lower carrier volumes, and faster analysis time. While the miniaturization of FlFFF has provided some benefits, such as lower limits of detection [ 27 ], it was quite a game-changer in the case of ThFFF and ElFFF [ 28 ], allowing much lower power consumption and improved operational flexibility and de facto opening a new field of possibilities.…”

Section: The Fff Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers

Quattrini

Berrecoso

Crecente‐Campo

et al. 2021

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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The importance of polymeric nanocarriers in the field of drug delivery is ever-increasing, and the accurate characterization of their properties is paramount to understand and predict their behavior. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a fractionation technique that has gained considerable attention for its gentle separation conditions, broad working range, and versatility. AF4 can be hyphenated to a plurality of concentration and size detectors, thus permitting the analysis of the multifunctionality of nanomaterials. Despite this potential, the practical information that can be retrieved by AF4 and its possible applications are still rather unfamiliar to the pharmaceutical scientist. This review was conceived as a primer that clearly states the “do’s and don’ts” about AF4 applied to the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers. Aside from size characterization, AF4 can be beneficial during formulation optimization, for drug loading and drug release determination and for the study of interactions among biomaterials. It will focus mainly on the advances made in the last 5 years, as well as indicating the problematics on the consensus, which have not been reached yet. Methodological recommendations for several case studies will be also included. Graphical abstract

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Section: The Fff Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers

Quattrini

Berrecoso

Crecente‐Campo

et al. 2021

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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“…As stated in the methods section, in most of the previous CyElFFF studies [15][16][17][18][19], 50% duty cycle voltage waveforms were used. Recently, it has been experimentally shown that using higher duty cycle voltages produce longer retention times [28].…”

Section: Results Of Simulation 3-investigation Of the Particle Retentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical and numerical models have been created to estimate separation efficiency under different operating conditions [12][13][14][15]. Furthermore, several experimental studies have been done to analyze the effects of different experimental parameters on the separation performance [8,[16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Based Modeling of Electrical Field Flow Fractionation Systems

et al. 2015

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Electrical Field Flow Fractionation (ElFFF) is a sub method in the field flow fractionation (FFF) family that relies on an applied voltage on the channel walls to effect a separation. ElFFF has fallen behind some of the other FFF methods because of the optimization complexity of its experimental parameters. To enable better optimization, a particle based model of the ElFFF systems has been developed and is presented in this work that allows the optimization of the main separation parameters, such as electric field magnitude, frequency, duty cycle, offset, flow rate and channel dimensions. The developed code allows visualization of individual particles inside the separation channel, generation of realistic fractograms, and observation of the effects of the various parameters on the behavior of the particle cloud. ElFFF fractograms have been generated via simulations and compared with experiments for both normal and cyclical ElFFF. The particle visualizations have been used to verify that high duty cycle voltages are essential to achieve long retention times and high resolution separations. Furthermore, by simulating the particle motions at the channel outlet, it has been demonstrated that the top channel wall should be selected as the accumulation wall for cyclical ElFFF to reduce band broadening and achieve high efficiency separations. While the generated particle based model is a powerful OPEN ACCESS Chromatography 2015, 2 595 tool to estimate the outcomes of the ElFFF experiments and visualize particle motions, it can also be used to design systems with new geometries which may lead to the design of higher efficiency ElFFF systems. Furthermore, this model can be extended to other FFF techniques by replacing the electrical field component of the model with the fields used in the other FFF techniques.

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“…However, electrical, pressure, magnetic, dielectrophoretic, acoustic and photophoretic fields have been demonstrated as acceptable [43,44]. Ideal normal-mode retention theory often suffices for this disparate family of fields and samples [43][44][45][46][47]. However, complications often arise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse-Mode FFF: Multi-Force Ideal Retention Theory

Shendruk¹,

Slater

2015

Chromatography

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A novel field-flow fractionation (FFF) technique, in which two opposing external forces act on the solute particles, is proposed. When the two external forces are sufficiently strong and scale differently as a function of the solutes' property of interest (such as the solute particle size), a sharp peak in the retention ratio (dramatic drop in elution time) is predicted to exist. Because the external forces oppose one another, we refer to this novel technique as adverse-mode FFF. The location of this peak is theoretically predicted and its ideal width estimated. The peak can become quite sharp by simultaneously increasing the strength of both fields, suggesting that adverse-mode FFF could be a useful technique for accurately measuring single species solute size.

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Microscale Field-Flow Fractionation: Theory and Practice

Cited by 10 publications

References 71 publications

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers

Particle Based Modeling of Electrical Field Flow Fractionation Systems

Adverse-Mode FFF: Multi-Force Ideal Retention Theory

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