Microscale physiological and ecological studies of aquatic cyanobacteria: Macroscale implications

Paerl, Hans W.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(199601)33:1<47::aid-jemt6>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 53 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The difference in strain prevalence is partially dictated by physiological response to abiotic factors [52,53]. Most estuaries/brackish waters inherently have complex gradients of abiotic factors, and thus are candidate habitats for finding multiple co-occurring cyanobacteria and associated toxins, a generalization consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In general, cyanobacterial proliferations in fresh water and harmful algal blooms in coastal ecosystems appear to be increasing with the alteration of water quality parameters affected by human population expansion, large scale droughts, and other climate induced shifts [6,55,56]. Factors such as temperature, nutrients (concentrations, speciation and ratios), and conductivity undoubtedly influence the growth, biomass, toxin production, and types of cyanobacteria present (succession patterns) [52]. However, a clear relationship between toxin occurrence and drainage from highly urbanized sites was not evident in our survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Stressors at the Land-Sea Interface: Cyanotoxins at the Land-Sea Interface in the Southern California Bight

Tatters

Howard

Nagoda

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems have received considerable attention in recent years, but their occurrence and potential importance at the land-sea interface has not been widely recognized. Here we present the results of a survey of discrete samples conducted in more than fifty brackish water sites along the coastline of southern California. Our objectives were to characterize cyanobacterial community composition and determine if specific groups of cyanotoxins (anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, nodularins, and saxitoxins) were present. We report the identification of numerous potentially harmful taxa and the co-occurrence of multiple toxins, previously undocumented, at several locations. Our findings reveal a potential health concern based on the range of organisms present and the widespread prevalence of recognized toxic compounds. Our results raise concerns for recreation, harvesting of finfish and shellfish, and wildlife and desalination operations, highlighting the need for assessments and implementation of monitoring programs. Such programs appear to be particularly necessary in regions susceptible to urban influence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Stressors at the Land-Sea Interface: Cyanotoxins at the Land-Sea Interface in the Southern California Bight

Tatters

Howard

Nagoda

et al. 2017

Toxins

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“…Possible mechanisms may include various types of interactions from nutrient cycling to the production of growth-inhibiting and cell-lysing compounds (Paerl, 1996;Rashidan and Bird, 2001;Sigee, 2005;Ozaki et al, 2008). The majority of the tested strains enhanced cyanobacterial growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the tested strains enhanced cyanobacterial growth. In earlier studies, heterotrophic bacteria have shown features, such as attachment to cyanobacterial cells, chemotaxis to cyanobacteria and prolonged viability in association with cyanobacteria (Paerl, 1996;Islam et al, 2004;Eiler et al, 2006). In addition, many blooming cyanobacterial species have not been successfully grown as axenic cultures but seem to prefer the presence of other bacteria (Paerl, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High diversity of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria in association with cyanobacterial water blooms

et al. 2008

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Cyanobacterial mass occurrences (water blooms) cause ecological, economic and health problems worldwide. Still, little is known about heterotrophic bacteria associated with cyanobacteria and the interactions between those organisms. We isolated 460 bacterial strains from more than 40 lakes and rivers (151 samples), Baltic Sea (32 samples) and treated drinking water of seven treatment plants (29 samples). The water bodies and the raw water of the treatment plants were frequently dominated by high numbers of cyanobacteria. Various growth media were used to isolate the strains. Analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene fragments (701-905 bp for 358 strains and 413-497 bp for 102 strains) classified the isolated bacteria as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thermus. Some of these isolates represented possible new bacterial orders, families, genera or species. We isolated various potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Aeromonas, Vibrio, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas, that may cause adverse health effects in humans and animals and should be taken into consideration when assessing the risks caused by cyanobacterial blooms. Several strains also inhibited or enhanced the growth of cyanobacteria. Most of such strains had an enhancing effect on the cyanobacterial growth. Other isolates were affiliated with genera such as Sphingomonas or Flavobacterium, which include strains that are capable of degrading cyanobacterial toxins or other recalcitrant and problematic organic compounds. The isolated strains provide a large group of bacteria that could be used in assessing and controlling the harmful effects of cyanobacteria.

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“…Nitrogen cycling processes in the ocean frequently occur in the context of microscale chemical gradients or require specific spatial relationships among different microbial populations (143)(144)(145). Both are situations where chemotaxis can be important.…”

Section: Nitrogen Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and Physics of Bacterial Chemotaxis in the Ocean

Stocker

Seymour

2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

257

214

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SUMMARYIntuitively, it may seem that from the perspective of an individual bacterium the ocean is a vast, dilute, and largely homogeneous environment. Microbial oceanographers have typically considered the ocean from this point of view. In reality, marine bacteria inhabit a chemical seascape that is highly heterogeneous down to the microscale, owing to ubiquitous nutrient patches, plumes, and gradients. Exudation and excretion of dissolved matter by larger organisms, lysis events, particles, animal surfaces, and fluxes from the sediment-water interface all contribute to create strong and pervasive heterogeneity, where chemotaxis may provide a significant fitness advantage to bacteria. The dynamic nature of the ocean imposes strong selective pressures on bacterial foraging strategies, and many marine bacteria indeed display adaptations that characterize their chemotactic motility as “high performance” compared to that of enteric model organisms. Fast swimming speeds, strongly directional responses, and effective turning and steering strategies ensure that marine bacteria can successfully use chemotaxis to very rapidly respond to chemical gradients in the ocean. These fast responses are advantageous in a broad range of ecological processes, including attaching to particles, exploiting particle plumes, retaining position close to phytoplankton cells, colonizing host animals, and hovering at a preferred height above the sediment-water interface. At larger scales, these responses can impact ocean biogeochemistry by increasing the rates of chemical transformation, influencing the flux of sinking material, and potentially altering the balance of biomass incorporation versus respiration. This review highlights the physical and ecological processes underpinning bacterial motility and chemotaxis in the ocean, describes the current state of knowledge of chemotaxis in marine bacteria, and summarizes our understanding of how these microscale dynamics scale up to affect ecosystem-scale processes in the sea.

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Microscale physiological and ecological studies of aquatic cyanobacteria: Macroscale implications

Cited by 53 publications

References 102 publications

Multiple Stressors at the Land-Sea Interface: Cyanotoxins at the Land-Sea Interface in the Southern California Bight

Multiple Stressors at the Land-Sea Interface: Cyanotoxins at the Land-Sea Interface in the Southern California Bight

High diversity of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria in association with cyanobacterial water blooms

Ecology and Physics of Bacterial Chemotaxis in the Ocean

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