Microscale recovery of total lipids from fish tissue by accelerated solvent extraction

Abstract

A number of techniques are available for the extraction of lipids from a variety of tissues; however, conventional methods are characteristically labor intensive, typically involve large volumes of toxic solvents, and usually require at least 1 g of tissue. With the availability of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology, the opportunity exists to modify classical lipid extraction techniques such that automated highpressure, high-temperature extractions may be performed with the use of far smaller volumes of costly and harmful solvents. Moreover, the high extraction efficiency attainable by ASE suggests that significantly less tissue would be required than is routinely used. This paper describes the adaptation of previously developed lipid extraction solvent systems for use with ASE toward the purpose of extracting total lipids from 100 mg of fish tissue. The efficacy of three solvent systems for lipid extraction from representative fish tissues, including a standard reference material, was explored using gravimetry and FA analysis by GC. A TG was used as a surrogate to monitor overall method performance. The findings herein demonstrate that microscale ASE represents an effective and efficient alternative to traditional lipid extraction techniques based on quantity and composition of extracted lipid, surrogate recovery, and precision.

Blubber fatty acid profiles reveal regional, seasonal, age-class and sex differences in the diet of young Steller sea lions in Alaska

“…FAME from samples collected prior to 2000 were analyzed at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia as described in Budge et al (2002). After 2000, FAME were analyzed at the Applied Science, Engineering and Technology laboratory at the University of Alaska Anchorage as described in Dodds et al (2004). In both laboratories, specific FAs were identified using known standard mixtures (Sigma, Supelco, Matreya and/or Nu-check Prep), silver nitrate (argentation) chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.…”

Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds with Health Benefits from Marine Resources: Macro and Micro Algae, Cyanobacteria, and Invertebrates

“…In addition to the known advantages, less tissue than in conventional methods is required because high extraction effi ciency is attainable by PLE. Different solvents have been tested for the extraction of total lipids from fi sh tissues (salmon and halibut muscle; Dodds et al 2004 ) . Each sample was extracted at 100°C and 138 bar with two static extraction cycles of 5 min each using chloroform/methanol, hexane/isopropanol, and methylene chloride.…”

Bioaccumulation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers by the Freshwater Benthic Amphipod Gammarus pulex

“…The lipid content of G. pulex samples was determined gravimetrically using hexane and isopropanol as the extraction solvent (Dodds et al 2004). Lipid content in G. pulex varied from 3 to 6% (mean = 4.4 ± 0.8%, n = 9).The determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sediment was undertaken by the INRA soil analysis laboratory (Arras, France) and was fulfilled according to the NF ISO 10694 norm.…”