Microscale Schottky superlubric generator with high direct-current density and ultralong life

Huang, Xuanyu; Xiang, Xiaojian; Nie, Jinghui; Peng, Deli; Yang, Fuwei; Wu, Zhanghui; Jiang, Haiyang; Xu, Zhiping; Zheng, Quanshui

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22371-1

Cited by 88 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…When the friction area is in the micro-or nanoscale, the SDC-TENG has ultrahigh current density (10 4 to 10 8 A m −2 ). [15,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] A high power density (1000 W m −2 ) can be achieved under both a high velocity and a strong normal force. However, the actual output power of the SDC-TENG could not increase linearly with increasing area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconductor Contact‐Electrification‐Dominated Tribovoltaic Effect for Ultrahigh Power Generation

et al. 2022

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The semiconductor direct‐current triboelectric nanogenerator (SDC‐TENG) based on the tribovoltaic effect is promising for developing a new semiconductor energy technology with high power density. Here, the first SDC‐TENG built using gallium nitride (GaN) and bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) for ultrahigh‐power generation is reported. During the friction process, an additional interfacial electric field is formed by continuous contact electrification (CE), and abundant electron–hole pairs are excited and move directionally to form a junction current that is always internally from Bi2Te3 to GaN, regardless of the semiconductor type. The peak open‐circuit voltage can reach up to 40 V and the power density is 11.85 W m−2 (average value is 9.23 W m−2), which is approximately 200 times higher than that of previous centimeter‐level SDC‐TENGs. Moreover, compared to traditional polymer TENGs under the same conditions, the average power density is remarkably improved by over 40 times. This study provides the first evidence of CE on the tribovoltaic effect and sets the normalized power density record for TENGs, which demonstrates a great potential of the tribovoltaic effect for energy harvesting and sensing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconductor Contact‐Electrification‐Dominated Tribovoltaic Effect for Ultrahigh Power Generation

et al. 2022

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“…[ 1 ] How to reduce friction is a key issue of tribology and plays an important role in solving a number of problems of physics and engineering, e.g., the durability of the nano‐friction generator. [ 2 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Superlubricity Enabled by Load‐Driven Redistribution of Electrons

Cheng

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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How to reduce friction is a key issue of tribology and plays an important role in solving a number of problems of physics and engineering, e.g., the durability of the nano-friction generator. [2] The well-known and widely used Amontons-Coulomb friction law stipulates that the tangential frictional force is proportional to the normal compressive force. [3] With the main advantage of being simple, this phenomenological macroscopic law fails to be applicable in the field of nano-tribology. [4] Indeed, nano-friction is affected by a number of factors such as the deformations of the components in contact and the degree of atomic mismatches at the contacting interfaces. [5,6] In recent years, a promising fundamental approach to quantitatively understanding micro-or nano-friction consists in determining the redistribution of electrons due to pressure and sliding. [7][8][9] This approach has been successfully used to reveal the relationship between adsorption and static friction and the one between in-plane strain and friction. [10,11] But, to the best of our knowledge, it has not yet been elaborated and applied to establish a direct and quantitative relationship between friction and electrons redistribution driven by the normal load.Some pioneering works have shown that quasi-zero friction or superlubricity is feasible. [12][13][14][15] At present, there are two main strategies for achieving frictionless sliding between both solids in contact: structural superlubricity (SSL) and pressuredriven superlubricity. [12][13][14] SSL occurs only if two contacting surfaces that slide one on the other are incommensurable. [16] It was theoretically predicted and shown to be achievable for microscopic phenomena and even for engineering design. [14,17] Nevertheless, it is very difficult to prepare and keep both ultra-clean surfaces in incommensurate contact. [18] Thus, it is urgent to seek an alternative solution to avoid the harsh incommensurate contact required for SSL. Fortunately, a few works have indicated that the external load may regulate friction to superlubricity even in a commensurate contact. [12,19,20] Initially, pressure-and tension-actuated frictionless sliding was expected to be realized at a gas-solid interface (rare gas layers and metal surfaces), [12,19] but the structural instability of rare gas layer limited further experimental explorations. Recently, the pressure-induced friction collapse rekindles hope for load-driven superlubricity at 2D solid-solid interfaces. [13,20] However, the exploration of load-driven superlubricity has fallen into another dilemma: the critical load of ≈300 GPa required for superlubricity is so demanding that it is experimentally unrealistic. [13] By first-principles calculations, it is shown that the friction at solid-solid interfaces between 2D nanomaterials (TDNMs), such as h-BN and graphene, can be reduced nearly to zero even if the normal load is smaller than 5 GPa. The quantitative analysis of interfacial charge density demonstrates a detailed process in which the pressure-dr...

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“…Structural superlubricity (SSL) is a state where the sliding friction approaches to zero due to the cancellation of lateral forces between two solid contacts (Dienwiebel et al, 2004;Hod et al, 2018). The ultra-low friction promises SSL the unprecedented application potential in reducing the industrial energy dissipation and preventing the wear failure of devices like hard drives and micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) (Kim et al, 2007;Urbakh, 2013;Huang et al, 2021). In practical applications, the extremely low friction coefficient (≤0.001) is considered to be a key characteristic of SSL systems (Martin et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative or Positive? Loading Area Dependent Correlation Between Friction and Normal Load in Structural Superlubricity

Wang

2022

Front. Chem.

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Structural superlubricity (SSL), a state of ultra-low friction between two solid contacts, is a fascinating phenomenon in modern tribology. With extensive molecular dynamics simulations, for systems showing SSL, here we discover two different dependences between friction and normal load by varying the size of the loading area. The essence behind the observations stems from the coupling between the normal load and the edge effect of SSL systems. Keeping normal load constant, we find that by reducing the loading area, the friction can be reduced by more than 65% compared to the large loading area cases. Based on the discoveries, a theoretical model is proposed to describe the correlation between the size of the loading area and friction. Our results reveal the importance of loading conditions in the friction of systems showing SSL, and provide an effective way to reduce and control friction.

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Microscale Schottky superlubric generator with high direct-current density and ultralong life

Cited by 88 publications

References 46 publications

Semiconductor Contact‐Electrification‐Dominated Tribovoltaic Effect for Ultrahigh Power Generation

Semiconductor Contact‐Electrification‐Dominated Tribovoltaic Effect for Ultrahigh Power Generation

Superlubricity Enabled by Load‐Driven Redistribution of Electrons

Negative or Positive? Loading Area Dependent Correlation Between Friction and Normal Load in Structural Superlubricity

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