Microscale transport of sand-sized soil aggregates eroded by wind

Gillette, Dale A.; Goodwin, Paul A.

doi:10.1029/jc079i027p04080

Cited by 72 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The samples from which q tot values were calculated were all sampled using a Bagnold catcher described by Gillette and Goodwin (1974). The catcher collected airborne particulate mass fluxing into the height intervals 0±1, 1±15, 15±30, 30±45, 45±60 and 60±75 cm, referred to as height intervals 1±6, respectively.…”

Section: Data Examined For Size Distribution Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size distributions of saltating grains: an important variable in the production of suspended particles

Gillette

Chen

1999

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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Size distributions were obtained for airborne particles in the saltation layer for cases where the ratio of the vertical flux of suspended particles to the horizontal flux of particles of all sizes is known. The data can be used to test theories of emissions of suspended particles. All of our sampled erodible soils with textures of sand, loamy sand and loam had saltation-grain mean particle sizes in the range 117±160 "m. Our clay soil had saltation mean particle sizes ranging from 560 to 584 "m. In the light of these data, we interpret the results found previously as supporting sandblasting rather than direct aerodynamic entrainment. The data are consistent with sandblasting theories of Shao et al. and of Alfaro.

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Section: Data Examined For Size Distribution Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size distributions of saltating grains: an important variable in the production of suspended particles

Gillette

Chen

1999

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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“…The spread of the dust particles has been studied theoretically and experimentally by using equation (1). Gillette and Goodwin [15] studied the steady state transport of sand-sized particles using the 1-D atmospheric diffusion equation (  z coordinate) in the case of moderate wind speeds. They supposed the absence of the advection term and the presence of non-zero vertical component of diffusion only.…”

Section: * ( R )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion of dust particles emitted from a fixed source

Al-Mashrafi

2015

IJAMR

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In this paper, we investigate the mathematical model for the diffusion of dust particles emitted from a fixed source. Mathematically, the time-dependent diffusion equation in the presence of a point source whose strength is dependent on time is solved. The solution in closed form for a source of general time dependence is obtained. A number of special cases, in which the source function of time is explicitly given and special values of the diffusion parameters are taken are examined in detail. The numerical calculations show the strong dependence of the concentration of dust on the speed of the wind, the source, and its position in the vertical direction. It is also found that the diffusion parameters play an important role in the spread of the dust particles in the atmosphere. When diffusion is present only in the vertical direction, it is found that for small times the dust spreads with a front that travels with the speed of the wind.

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“…Thus, when the wind blows sufficiently strongly over a surface not protected by vegetation, relatively coarse particles (e.g., stones, pebbles, and some grains constituting the superficial layer of the soil) are mobilized. Some saltating particles furthermore impact particle aggregates, and their kinetic energy can break the cohesive forces of these aggregates, creating new smaller particles -a process called sandblasting (Gillette and Goodwin, 1974;Gomes et al, 2003;Shao, 2001). Obviously, the available energy depends of the wind speed, but also of the size of the saltating grains.…”

Section: Central European Loess Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major dust events in Europe during marine isotope stage 5 (130–74 ka): a climatic interpretation of the "markers"

et al. 2013

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Abstract. At present, major dust storms are occurring at midlatitudes in the Middle East and Asia, as well as at low latitudes in Northern Africa and in Australia. Western Europe, though, does not experience such dramatic climate events, except for some African dust reaching it from the Sahara. This modern situation is of particular interest, in the context of future climate projections, since the present interglacial is usually interpreted, in this context, as an analog of the warm Eemian interval. European terrestrial records show, however, major dust events during the penultimate interglacial and early glacial. These events are easily observed in loess records by their whitish-color deposits, which lie above and below dark chernozem paleosols in Central European records of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 age.We describe here the base of the Dolni Vestonice (DV) loess sequence, Czech Republic, as the reference of such records. The dust is deposited during intervals that are characterized by poor vegetation -manifested by high δ 13 C values and low magnetic susceptibility -while the fine sand and clay in the deposits shows grain sizes that are clearly different from the overlying pleniglacial loess deposits. Some of these dust events have been previously described as "Markers" or Marker Silts (MS) by one of us (G. Kukla), and are dated at about 111-109 ka and 93-92 ka, with a third and last one slightly visible at about 75-73 ka. Other events correspond to the loess material of Kukla's cycles, and are described as eolian silts (ES); they are observed in the same DV sequence and are dated at about 106-105 ka, 88-86 ka, and 78.5-77 ka. These dates are determined by considering the OSL ages with their errors measured on the studied sequence, and the comparison with Greenland ice-core and European speleothem chronologies.The fine eolian deposits mentioned above, MS as well as ES, correspond to short events that lasted about 2 ka; they are synchronous with re-advances of the polar front over the North Atlantic, as observed in marine sediment cores. These deposits also correlate with important changes observed in European vegetation. Some ES and MS events appear to be coeval with significant dust peaks recorded in the Greenland ice cores, while others are not. This decoupling between the European eolian and Greenland dust depositions is of considerable interest, as it differs from the fully glacial situation, in which the Eurasian loess sedimentation mimics the Greenland dust record. Previous field observations supported an interpretation of MS events as caused by continental dust storms. We show here, by a comparison with speleothems of the same age found in the northern Alps, that different atmospheric-circulation modes seem to be responsible for the two categories of dust events, MS vs. ES.

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Microscale transport of sand-sized soil aggregates eroded by wind

Cited by 72 publications

References 3 publications

Size distributions of saltating grains: an important variable in the production of suspended particles

Size distributions of saltating grains: an important variable in the production of suspended particles

Diffusion of dust particles emitted from a fixed source

Major dust events in Europe during marine isotope stage 5 (130–74 ka): a climatic interpretation of the "markers"

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Microscale transport of sand-sized soil aggregates eroded by wind

Cited by 72 publications

References 3 publications

Size distributions of saltating grains: an important variable in the production of suspended particles

Size distributions of saltating grains: an important variable in the production of suspended particles

Diffusion of dust particles emitted from a fixed source

Major dust events in Europe during marine isotope stage 5 (130–74 ka): a climatic interpretation of the &quot;markers&quot;

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Major dust events in Europe during marine isotope stage 5 (130–74 ka): a climatic interpretation of the "markers"