Microscopic Diagnosis from Frozen Canine Tissues

Baraibar, Martha A.; Schoning, Polly

doi:10.1520/jfs11883j

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This is perhaps because the frozen artifact is easily identified in other organs such as liver, making examination of muscles unnecessary. 1,2,19 Other than the brain, structural changes in the solid organs of fish were either not present or not as distinct as in mammals. Therefore, coelomic viscera does not seem to be a useful indicator of freeze-thaw in fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,15,19 Freeze artifact in boney fish has been infrequently and incompletely documented, with most studies focusing on freezing as it relates to commercial food storage. [1][2][3][4]6,11,14,16 Frozen storage of food fish causes macroscopic changes in muscle color, texture, and weight due to fluid loss, ice crystal formation, and bacterial growth. 4,9 These changes are somewhat subjective, require comparison to the tissue before storage, and may differ with species and seasonality.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of freeze-thaw artifact in fresh and decomposed black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Kagan

Viner

2022

Vet Pathol

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Identification of freeze-thaw artifact in fish can help to determine whether they have been harvested within the appropriate season and monitor adherence to fishing regulations. Recognition of freeze-specific changes will also prevent potential misinterpretation due to decomposition, disease, injury, or species variation. An initial survey using black rockfish ( Sebastes melanops) identified which tissues reliably exhibit freeze artifact. Tissues were exposed to different treatments: immediate formalin fixation; refrigeration or storage at room temperature for 24, 48, or 72 hours; or freezing for 1, 8, or 28 days. Three fish underwent a combination of treatments. Tissue changes in each treatment group were compared macroscopically and microscopically. Macroscopic changes in frozen-thawed and never-frozen fish overlapped somewhat; however, microscopic findings of skeletal myocyte cavitation, lens liquefaction, and brain tissue fractures were consistent findings only in frozen-thawed tissues. A validation study was then done to establish the accuracy of microscopic analysis. Brain and paired ocular and skeletal muscle samples from 61 steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fixed in formalin either fresh or after being frozen for 4 weeks. Weighted kappa values showed both high observer accuracy and interobserver agreement in the identification of freeze-thaw status. Based on these findings, microscopic changes in the skeletal muscle, eye, and brain are considered consistent and easily identifiable indicators of a previous freeze-thaw cycle and should not be confused with a pathologic process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of freeze-thaw artifact in fresh and decomposed black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Kagan

Viner

2022

Vet Pathol

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“…Very few studies have focused on the effect of freezing cadavers prior to placing them in experimental contexts . Some histological studies have examined changes in the cellular matrix after freezing, with findings suggesting that freezing changes the appearance of the cellular matrix, but did not affect the overall ability to distinguish tissue types . For decomposition studies, Micozzi found that animal cadavers frozen prior to study began initial decay via aerobic (or outside in) decomposition, rather than anaerobic decomposition or putrefaction (or inside out) as is typical in fresh cadavers.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Freezing on Bone Mineral Density: Implications for Forensic Research

Hale

Ross

2016

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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It is common for researchers using animal or human remains for scientific study to freeze samples prior to use. However, effects of freezing on bone macro- or microstructure are relatively unknown. The research objective of this study was to determine whether freezing could potentially bias experimental results by analyzing changes in bone mineral density (BMD) with the freezing of remains over time. Eight fetal pigs were scanned to determine their initial BMD before freezing. Three piglets underwent a freeze-thaw cycle to assess the effects of the freezing process. Four piglets were frozen and scanned weekly for 20 weeks to assess freezing over time. The overall average between the fresh initial scan and final frozen scan was significantly different (p < 0.001). Per contra, the final thawed BMD scans did not differ from the initial fresh scan (p = 0.418). Thus, completely thawed remains are recommended for experimental studies.

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Postmortem histological freeze–thaw artifacts: a case report of a frozen infant and literature review

Giovannini,

Bonasoni,

Bardaro

et al. 2023

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Freezing and thawing have the potential to alter the gross and histologic appearance of tissues, causing damage to individual cells and disrupting the overall architecture. In forensic investigations, freezing and thawing can play a crucial role in cases of unknown cause of death. Perpetrators may use freezing preservation to conceal the body or obscure the time of death. Freezing can also occur naturally when a body is exposed to the elements, sometimes even leading to death itself. We present a case report involving an autopsy performed on an infant, who died of natural causes, after undergoing freezing and thawing. The objective of this study was to identify and discuss the histological artifacts observed in different tissues as a result of the freeze–thaw process. Histologically, the infant’s tissues exhibited the most common features described in the literature. Ice crystal artifacts, characterized by expansion of the extracellular space and tissue clefts, were found in the heart, brain, liver, lungs, and kidneys. On the contrary, adipose tissue was not affected, likely due to the scarcity of water. Freeze–thaw artifacts should be taken into account whether a body is known to have been frozen or to add further data if found already defrosted.

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Microscopic Diagnosis from Frozen Canine Tissues

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Identification of freeze-thaw artifact in fresh and decomposed black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Identification of freeze-thaw artifact in fresh and decomposed black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The Impact of Freezing on Bone Mineral Density: Implications for Forensic Research

Postmortem histological freeze–thaw artifacts: a case report of a frozen infant and literature review

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