Microscopic examination of pituitary glands in cases of fatal accidental hypothermia

Doberentz, Elke; Madea, Burkhard

doi:10.1080/20961790.2017.1330804

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, various factors, including postmortem interval, sampling techniques, sample preservation, endocrine disorders, metabolic dysfunctions and blood ethanol levels affect the levels of these markers [ 12 ]. Immunohistochemical staining for ACTH was positive and showed similar expression patterns in autopsy cases for both the hypothermia and control groups [ 10 ]. cTnI is a highly sensitive and specific marker indicative of myocardial cell damage [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various pathological changes, including cutaneous [ 4 , 5 ], gastric [ 6 ], cardiac [ 7 ], renal [ 8 ] and pancreatic [ 9 ] changes, have been detected in hypothermia-induced fatalities. Frost erythema (reddish-brown discolouration of the skin over the elbows and knees) and Wischnewsky spots (acute gastric erosions) have been identified as classic signs of hypothermia [ 10 ], especially when both occur concomitantly. However, these classic morphological changes are insufficient for establishing an unequivocal diagnosis of death from hypothermia [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite great scientific research efforts to identify more reliable diagnostic criteria for hypothermia-induced fatalities, significant advances in the field remain comparatively limited [ 15 ]. For several years, great effort has been devoted to studying the biochemical changes associated with hypothermia fatalities [ 10 , 14 ]. However, most previous studies did not account for the association between biochemical and pathological changes in the serum and tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathological, histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats

Ibrahim

Mohammed

Tammam

et al. 2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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Reaching a postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia is challenging in forensic practice. Therefore, this study was conducted to detect the histopathological, histochemical and biochemical changes that occur in adult albino rats following exposure to induced fatal hypothermia. Twenty-four adult albino rats were divided into the negative control, moderate hypothermia, severe hypothermia and hypoxia groups. Rats in the control group were euthanized when those in the moderate hypothermic group died. Blood samples were collected via heart puncture, and the cerebrum, heart, suprarenal gland, kidney, liver and skeletal muscle were removed to investigate the biochemical, histochemical and histopathological changes. Postmortem assessment depicted significant changes in lipid peroxidation, represented by increased malondialdehyde levels in the studied organs of the rats in hypothermic and hypoxia groups. Histopathological examination of the rats' organs revealed degeneration and necrosis in the hypothermia and hypoxia groups. Sections taken from the severe hypothermic rats revealed a loss of normal cardiac tissue architecture, necrotic changes in the pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, and massive necrosis, mainly in the tubules of the renal cortex and medulla. These findings suggest that histological changes might be used as biochemical markers for postmortem diagnosing of fatal hypothermia, particularly in severe hypothermic conditions. KEY POINTS• Death by hypothermia is a serious public health problem worldwide.• Confirming a diagnosis and determining the cause of death in cases of hypothermia are among the most difficult practices in forensic medicine. • Death by hypothermia might be associated with structural abnormalities in various organs. • Studies using different tissue staining techniques will enable an overall illustration of the role of histopathological changes in body organs as indicators of hypothermia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathological, histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats

Ibrahim

Mohammed

Tammam

et al. 2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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“…Death caused by extreme temperatures is generally ascribed to dysfunction of multiple organs in the human body. Therefore, forensic diagnosis of death due to hypothermia or hyperthermia is a challenging task to legal pathologists [108,[128][129][130]. In a proof of concept study, Lin and co-workers investigated the potential use of ATR-FTIR in the postmortem diagnosis of these two causes of death.…”

Section: Postmortem Diagnosis Of Weather Related Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: a universal analytical technique with promising applications in forensic analyses

Alkhuder

2022

Int J Legal Med

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Contemporary criminal investigations are based on the statements made by the victim and the eyewitnesses. They also rely on the physical evidences found in the crime scene. These evidences, and more particularly biological ones, have a great judicial value in the courtroom. They are usually used to revoke the suspect's allegations and confirm or refute the statements made by the victim and the witnesses. Stains of body fluids are biological evidences highly sought by forensic investigators. In many criminal cases, the success of the investigation relies on the correct identification and classification of these stains. Therefore, the adoption of reliable and accurate forensic analytical methods seems to be of vital importance to attain this objective. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is a modern and universal analytical technique capable of fingerprint recognition of the analyte using minimal amount of the test sample. The current systematic review aims to through light on the fundamentals of this technique and to illustrate its wide range of applications in forensic investigations. ATR-FTIR is a nondestructive technique which has demonstrated an exceptional efficiency in detecting, identifying and discriminating between stains of various types of body fluids usually encountered in crime scenes. The ATR-FTIR spectral data generated from bloodstains can be used to deduce a wealth of information related to the donor species, age, gender, and race. These data can also be exploited to discriminate between stains of different types of bloods including menstrual and peripheral bloods. In addition, ATR-FTIR has a great utility in the postmortem investigations. More particularly, in estimating the postmortem interval and diagnosing death caused by extreme weather conditions. It is also useful in diagnosing some ambiguous death causes such as fatal anaphylactic shock and diabetic ketoacidosis.

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“…Various studies using biochemical, pathological, morphological, and molecular biological approaches in the adrenal gland 8 , pituitary gland 9 – 11 , kidney 12 , and serum 13 , 14 have been performed to identify diagnostic markers of fatal hypothermia. We previously reported supporting markers for diagnostic of fatal hypothermia utilising mRNA of hypothalamus 15 and iliopsoas muscle 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body temperature-dependent microRNA expression analysis in rats: rno-miR-374-5p regulates apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells via Mex3B under hypothermia

Umehara

Kagawa

Tomida

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Forensic diagnosis of fatal hypothermia is considered difficult because there are no specific findings. Accordingly, exploration of novel fatal hypothermia-specific findings is important. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of homeostasis in hypothermia and identify novel molecular markers to inform the diagnosis of fatal hypothermia, we focused on microRNA expression in skeletal muscle, which plays a role in cold-induced thermogenesis in mammals. We generated rat models of mild, moderate, and severe hypothermia, and performed body temperature-dependent microRNA expression analysis of the iliopsoas muscle using microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results show that rno-miR-374-5p expression was significantly induced only by severe hypothermia. Luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR results indicated that Mex3B expression was regulated by rno-miR-374-5p and decreased with decreasing body temperature. Gene ontology analysis indicated the involvement of Mex3B in positive regulation of GTPase activity. siRNA analysis showed that Mex3B directly or indirectly regulated Kras expression in vitro, and significantly changed the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. Collectively, these results indicate that rno-miR-374-5p was activated by a decrease in body temperature, whereby it contributed to cell survival by suppressing Mex3B and activating or inactivating Kras. Thus, rno-miR-374-5p is a potential supporting marker for the diagnosis of fatal hypothermia.

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Microscopic examination of pituitary glands in cases of fatal accidental hypothermia

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Histopathological, histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats

Histopathological, histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats

Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: a universal analytical technique with promising applications in forensic analyses

Body temperature-dependent microRNA expression analysis in rats: rno-miR-374-5p regulates apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells via Mex3B under hypothermia

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