Microscopic fungi on cadavers and skeletons from cave and mine environments.

Nováková, Alena; Kubátová, Alena; Sklenář, František; Hubka, Vít

doi:10.33585/cmy.70201

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our results reflect those from previous fungal studies from cave ecosystems as Ascomycota fungi usually dominate the fungal composition of cave ecosystems, followed by Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and then others (Vanderwolf et al 2013). Four species of fungi were discovered from cave samples for the first time in this study, namely A. nitens, Ganoderma australe, Pyrrhoderma noxium, and Xylaria feejeensis (Vanderwolf et al 2013;Nováková et al 2018;Karunarathna et al 2020;Zhang et al 2020;Cunha et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fungal communities in bat guano, speleothem surfaces, and cavern water in Madai cave, Northern Borneo (Malaysia)

et al. 2021

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The island of Borneo is a global biodiversity hotspot. However, its limestone caves are one of its least-studied ecosystems. We report for the first time the fungal species richness, diversity and abundance from Madai cave, situated in north-eastern Borneo. Environmental samples from inside the cave environment were collected (guano, speleothem, and cavern water) via opportunistic sampling. The dilution method was performed for isolation of fungi. Morphological characterisation and molecular analysis of the ITS region were utilised for the identification of isolates. Fifty-five pure cultures of fungi were attained, comprising 32 species from 15 genera, eight orders, and two divisions, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Ascomycetes dominated the fungal composition, accounting for 53 (96%) out of 55 total isolates. Penicillium spp. accounted for more than 47.1% of fungal abundance in all sample types. However, Aspergillus spp. had the highest occurrence rate, being isolated from all environmental samples except one. Purpureocillium lilacinum was isolated most frequently, appearing in five separate samples across all three substrates. Annulohypoxylon nitens, Ganoderma australe, Pyrrhoderma noxium, and Xylaria feejeensis were discovered and reported for the first time from the cave environment. This study provides additional data for further research on the mycoflora of Sabah's various ecosystems, especially limestone caves.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fungal communities in bat guano, speleothem surfaces, and cavern water in Madai cave, Northern Borneo (Malaysia)

et al. 2021

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“…Subsequently, other studies added more fungal taxa to that list, increasing the number of fungi found in caves [e.g. 11 , 15 – 18 , 20 – 27 , 64 , 71 , 80 , 81 ]. In two karst caves in China, Zhang et al [ 16 ] reported that 28 (24%) of the 116 genera and 111 (59%) of the 188 identified species were reported for the first time in cave environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity

et al. 2020

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Bat caves are very special roosts that harbour thousands of bats of one or more species. Such sites may hold an incredible “dark fungal diversity” which is still underestimated. We explored the culturable fungal richness in the air, on bats, and in the guano in a bat cave in Brazil’s Caatinga dry forest. Fungal abundance was 683 colony-forming units (CFU) in the guano, 673 CFU in the air, and 105 CFU on the bats. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, and TUB2 sequences, fungal isolates of 59 taxa belonging to 37 genera in the phyla Ascomycota (28 genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Talaromyces), Basidiomycota (eight genera, including Rhodotorula and Schizophyllum), and Mucoromycota (only Rhizopus) were identified. The fungal richness in the air was 23 taxa (especially Aspergillus taxa), mainly found at 15 m and 45 m from the cave entrance; on the bodies of bats it was 36 taxa (mainly Aspergillus taxa), especially on their wing membranes (21 taxa, nine of which were exclusively found in this microhabitat); and in guano 10 fungal taxa (especially Aspergillus and Penicillium) were found. The fungal richness associated with guano (fresh and non-fresh) was similar from bats with different eating habits (insectivorous, frugivorous, and haematophagous). Sampling effort was not sufficient to reveal the total fungal taxa richness estimated. Eight (21.6%) of the 37 genera and 17 (53.1%) of the 32 identified fungal species are reported for the first time in caves. Our results highlight bat caves in Brazil as hotspots of fungal diversity, emphasizing the need to protect such special roosts.

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“…Fungal spores represent a potential risk to the conservation of cultural heritage since, in favorable cave environmental conditions (high relative humidity, stable temperature, nutrient inputs, etc. ), fungi colonize speleothems and other mineral substrata in addition to the cadavers of animals and arthropods populating the cavity [2,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Fungi in Show Caves from Southern Spain

et al. 2021

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The aerobiology of caves in Southern Spain possesses special characteristics, different from caves located in Northern Spain. Previous studies demonstrated the influence of outdoor air on caves in the north and the existence of two different patterns, depending on the season. In summer there is an abundance of Ascomycota, whereas in winter Basidiomycota predominates, which are related to the periods of stagnation and ventilation, respectively. In caves in Southern Spain the presence of airborne Basidiomycota is scarce and Ascomycota represents the main group of fungi widely distributed across the caves in all seasons. The most characteristic features were the abundant presence of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Parengyodontium album, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Leptobacillium symbioticum, Leptobacillium leptobactrum) and Cladosporium cladosporioides in Cueva del Tesoro, Cueva de Ardales and Gruta de las Maravillas. However, the presence of yeasts of the genera Cutaneotrichosporon, Trichosporon, Cryptococcus, Naganishia, Cystobasidium, Microstroma and Phragmotaenium was exclusive to Gruta de las Maravillas. Fungal hazard in the three show caves were determined using an ecological indicator based on the concentration of spores in cave air.

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Microscopic fungi on cadavers and skeletons from cave and mine environments.

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Fungal communities in bat guano, speleothem surfaces, and cavern water in Madai cave, Northern Borneo (Malaysia)

Fungal communities in bat guano, speleothem surfaces, and cavern water in Madai cave, Northern Borneo (Malaysia)

Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity

Airborne Fungi in Show Caves from Southern Spain

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