Microscopic investigation of layer growth during olivine bed material aging during indirect gasification of biomass

Faust, Robin; Sattari, Mohammad; Maric, Jelena; Seemann, Martin; Knutsson, Pavleta

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117076

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the micrographs, it can be seen that both particles are covered with an ash layer of varying thickness, with the ash layer being thicker in the particle that had a longer residence time. The formation of a homogeneous inner layer is well-established in the literature ,,− and can be seen also in Figure b. After prolonged exposure to the ASR ash, the layer increases in porosity; this change can be followed in panels c and d of Figure .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…31,42 However, in the previous studies, the outermost surface of the olivine particles that had been exposed to biomass ash only was found to be enriched for Mg but with a low concentration of Si. 42 A similar layer is observed in the present study, albeit in the center of the ash layer. Its location is indicated by the dashed line in Figure 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The olivine particles were exposed for 7 days to wood chips prior to the experimental campaign with ASR (see Figure ). Therefore, the ash layer formation characteristic of the interaction of olivine with biomass ash can be seen already in the day 1 sample. ,,− Throughout the period of exposure to ASR, an ash layer that is steadily increasing in thickness forms around the particles. On day 13, all of the particles are surrounded by a thick ash layer, which appears bright in BSE contrast.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…% Fe on the particle surface, which means that there is twice as much Fe in the outermost layer when ASR is used as the fuel. 26,42,44,48 The Fe localized to the outermost layer is, therefore, expected to originate from the ASR ash.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38,49 Previous publications on biomass ash-coated olivine have described lower concentrations of Fe, which explains why the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations conducted in the previous studies did not result in spinel formation under oxidizing conditions. 26,42,43 Therefore, the particles are expected to have significantly higher oxygencarrying capabilities when an iron-rich fuel is utilized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between Automotive Shredder Residue and Olivine Bed Material during Indirect Fluidized Bed Gasification

et al. 2021

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Thermal conversion of automotive shredder residue (ASR) using indirect fluidized bed gasification was conducted in the Chalmers semi-industrial 2–4-MWth gasifier. The bed material consisted of olivine that was activated through the deposition of biomass ash prior to a 13-day exposure to ASR. The interactions between the bed material and the ASR ash were investigated using XRD, SEM-EDS, and thermodynamic modeling. The deposition of iron (Fe) onto the olivine particles was noted, and this is likely to increase the oxygen-carrying ability of the particles. Furthermore, at the end of the campaign, about one-third of the particles in the bed were found to originate from the ASR ash. These particles were rich in Fe and Si, as well as elements found exclusively in the ASR ash, such as Zn, Ti, and Cu. Some of these particles exhibited a hollow morphology, suggesting a melt state during their formation in the gasifier. In addition, a low level of agglomeration of the ash and olivine particles was detected. Thermodynamic modeling with the FactSage software indicated the formation of slag. This study presents a detailed investigation of the interactions that occur between the bed material and an ash-rich fuel such as ASR. The findings may have applications in demonstrating the induction of oxygen-carrying ability in bed materials or for metal recycling through the separation of ash particles from the bed material.

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