Microscopic investigations on the healing and softening of damaged salt by uniaxial deformation from CT, SEM and NMR: effect of fluids (brine and oil)

Chen, Jie; Peng, Huihua; Fan, Jinyang; Zhang, Xiong; Liu, Wei; Jiang, Deyi

doi:10.1039/c9ra05866d

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Many studies have shown that before the appearance of macro-cracks due to loads, the mechanical properties of materials are affected by local micro-cracks (Chan et al., 1997; Ji et al., 2011; Liu and Su, 2016). According to the hypothesis of strain equivalence, the damage constitutive model of materials can be expressed as follows (Chen, 2020; Lemaitre, 1984; Xie et al., 2020) where trueE˜ is the elastic modulus of damaged materials, E is the elastic modulus of intact materials, and D is the damage variable.…”

Section: Damage Constitutive Model Of Salt Rockmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical properties and damage constitutive model for uniaxial compression of salt rock at different loading rates

Wang

Zhang

Song

et al. 2021

International Journal of Damage Mechanics

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To study the effect of loading rate on the mechanical properties of salt rock, uniaxial compression tests and acoustic emission tests at different loading rates were carried out on salt rock specimens. The test results show that with increases in loading rate, the peak stress of salt rock increases first and then essentially remains unchanged, and the elastic modulus increases gradually, while the strain at peak stress decreases gradually. Moreover, the Poisson’s ratio is independent of loading rate. The macroscopic failure modes of the salt rock specimens at different loading rates are all ‘X’-type conjugate shear failure. However, the loading rate is closely related to the degree of fracture, such that the smaller the loading rate is, the higher is the degree of fracture of salt rock. In order to describe the stress–strain behaviour in the process of salt rock failure, a damage variable expression represented by the deformation modulus was proposed, and a rock damage constitutive model was established according to the theory of continuum damage mechanics. The rationality of the damage constitutive model was verified by using the present uniaxial compression test results of salt rock and existing test data from the literature. The results show that the model can accurately describe the stress–strain response of rock in the failure process.

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Section: Damage Constitutive Model Of Salt Rockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical properties of salt rock at different loading rates shows some variation. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanical properties of salt rock at different loading rates to ensure the safety and stability of underground gas storage (Chen et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a; Wu et al., 2020b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and damage constitutive model for uniaxial compression of salt rock at different loading rates

Wang

Zhang

Song

et al. 2021

International Journal of Damage Mechanics

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“…Energy (oil and natural gas) is the material basis for the survival and development of human society, occupying an important strategic position in the national economy [1][2][3]. However, energy reserves in China are relatively small and extremely dependent on foreign countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability Analysis on the Long‐Term Operation of the Horizontal Salt Rock Underground Storage

Zhang

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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The construction of the vertical cavern in the salt dome deposit can meet the requirements of both storage capacity and tightness. However, if the vertical cavern is still used as the design shape of the salt rock underground storage in the layered salt rock deposit, the high design capacity cannot be guaranteed while the tightness is satisfied. In this case, the use of a large-span horizontal cavern as the design shape of the salt rock storage can not only effectively increase the design capacity of the storage, but also solve the problems such as the stability and tightness of the storage during the operation period by improving the structural form and working mode. Based on this, the ellipsoid-shaped horizontal salt rock underground storage is taken as an example, and a single-cavern horizontal salt rock underground storage model with different diameter-to-height ratios is established by using FLAC3D software. The change law of vertical and horizontal displacements, volume loss rate, and plastic zone distribution of salt rock storage changing with the diameter-to-height ratio are studied, and the optimal diameter-to-height ratio is determined. And then the long-term operation process of the double-cavern horizontal salt rock underground storage under the optimal diameter-to-height ratio is simulated, and the optimal pillar width is obtained.

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“…Energy is closely related to economy, environment, and social development [3][4][5]. Especially with the fast development of the economy and the resulting rapid growth of energy consumption [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], the need for energy is increasingly growing, especially for fossil energy such as crude oil, leading to the increasing dependence on foreign oil every year [14]. In 2018, China's oil demand exceeded 600 million tons for the first time, and its dependence on foreign countries was close to 70%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Pore Structure of Surrounding Rock for Underground Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) Caverns in Bedded Rock Salt

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Using salt caverns for an underground strategic petroleum reserve (SPR) is considered as an ideal approach due to the excellent characteristics of low porosity, low permeability, self-healing of damage, and strong plastic deformation ability of rock salt. Salt deposits in China are mostly layered rock salt structures, with the characteristics of many interlayers, bringing great challenges for the construction of SPR facilities. Studying the microscopic pore characteristics of the rock surrounding SPR salt caverns in different environments (with brine and crude oil erosion) is necessary because the essence of mechanical and permeability characteristics is the macroscopic embodiment of the microscopic pore structure. In this paper, XRD tests and SEM tests are carried out to determine the physical properties of storage media and surrounding rock. Gas adsorption tests and mercury intrusion tests are carried out to analyze the microscopic pore structure, specific surface area variation and total aperture distribution characteristics of SPR salt cavern host rock. Results show that: (1) Large numbers of cores in interlayer and caprock may provide favorable channels for the leakage of high-pressure crude oil and brine. (2) The blockage of pores by macromolecular organic matter (colloid and asphaltene) in crude oil will not significantly change the structural characteristics of the rock skeleton, which is beneficial to the long-term operation of the SPR salt cavern. (3) The water–rock interaction will bring obvious changes in the micro-pore structure of rock and increase the leakage risk of the storage medium. The results can provide theoretical bases and methods for the tightness analysis of China’s first underground SPR salt cavern.

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Microscopic investigations on the healing and softening of damaged salt by uniaxial deformation from CT, SEM and NMR: effect of fluids (brine and oil)

Abstract: A systematic microscopic investigation by CT, SEM and NMR to study the effects of brine and oil on rock salt healing.

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Mechanical properties and damage constitutive model for uniaxial compression of salt rock at different loading rates

Mechanical properties and damage constitutive model for uniaxial compression of salt rock at different loading rates

Stability Analysis on the Long‐Term Operation of the Horizontal Salt Rock Underground Storage

Microscopic Pore Structure of Surrounding Rock for Underground Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) Caverns in Bedded Rock Salt

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