Microscopic Mechanisms of Damage Caused by Degradants

Wypych, George

doi:10.1016/b978-1-895198-48-5.50008-5

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 334 publications

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“…Generally, PEs are limited by poor environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) [139]. ESCR is affected by molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, density, number of tie molecules between crystalline and amorphous domains, and the testing conditions [140][141][142]. Typically, the higher the level of crystallinity, the lower the ESCR [143].…”

Section: Recycled Polyolefins (Rpos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyolefins and Polyethylene Terephthalate Package Wastes: Recycling and Use in Composites

et al. 2021

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Plastics are versatile materials used in a variety of sectors that have seen a rapid increase in their global production. Millions of tonnes of plastic wastes are generated each year, which puts pressure on plastic waste management methods to prevent their accumulation within the environment. Recycling is an attractive disposal method and aids the initiative of a circular plastic economy, but recycling still has challenges to overcome. This review starts with an overview of the current European recycling strategies for solid plastic waste and the challenges faced. Emphasis lies on the recycling of polyolefins (POs) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which are found in plastic packaging, as packaging contributes a signification proportion to solid plastic wastes. Both sections, the recycling of POs and PET, discuss the sources of wastes, chemical and mechanical recycling, effects of recycling on the material properties, strategies to improve the performance of recycled POs and PET, and finally the applications of recycled POs and PET. The review concludes with a discussion of the future potential and opportunities of recycled POs and PET.

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Section: Recycled Polyolefins (Rpos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyolefins and Polyethylene Terephthalate Package Wastes: Recycling and Use in Composites

et al. 2021

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“…Note that this accounts for the total damage caused to the cohesive element and the subsequent crack formation [31]. Interfacial strength and penalty stiffness values for the interphase (5 MPa and 10 9 N/mm 3 , respectively) were extracted from the literature to the maximum pull-out load measured in the pull-out test (Figures S2-S4) [23,[31][32][33][34]. Employing a systematic approach, the simulation outputs were compared against the experimental data for all surface coatings.…”

Section: Fe Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Finite Element Investigation into the Cohesive Properties of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers with Nanostructured Interphases

et al. 2021

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Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites represent one of the most exploited composites due to their outstanding mechanical properties, light weight and ease of manufacture. However, one of the main limitations of GFRP composites is their weak inter-laminar properties. This leads to resin delamination and loss of mechanical properties. Here, a model based on finite element analysis (FEA) is introduced to predict the collective advantage that a GF surface modification has on the inter-laminar properties in GFRP composites. The developed model is validated with experimental pull-out tests performed on different samples. As such, modifications were introduced using different surface coatings. Interfacial shear stress (IFSS) for each sample as a function of the GF to polymer interphase was evaluated. Adhesion energy was found by assimilating the collected data into the model. The FE model reported here is a time-efficient and low-cost tool for the precise design of novel filler interphases in GFRP composites. This enables the further development of novel composites addressing delamination issues and the extension of their use in novel applications.

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“…From 4 to 20 weeks, all groups showed a slow and gentle downward slope in volume change, and the E-beam groups resorbed more at every time point. It has been reported that the adsorption of bioactive proteins to the surface of biomaterials from serum and body fluid upon implantation affects the rate of degradation [39], because this influences the effects of cellular interactions on body fluids and active protein substances attached to implanted TCP/PCL specimens. The hydrolysis mechanism of PCL occurred simultaneously, which results in rapid degradation [40].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Filament Degradation In the Subcutaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Electron Beam Sterilization on In Vivo Degradation of β-TCP/PCL of Different Composite Ratios for Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2020

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We evaluated the effect of electron beam (E-beam) sterilization (25 kGy, ISO 11137) on the degradation of β-tricalcium phosphate/polycaprolactone (β-TCP/PCL) composite filaments of various ratios (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, and 60:40 TCP:PCL by mass) in a rat subcutaneous model for 24 weeks. Volumes of the samples before implantation and after explantation were measured using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The filament volume changes before sacrifice were also measured using a live micro-CT. In our micro-CT analyses, there was no significant difference in volume change between the E-beam treated groups and non-E-beam treated groups of the same β-TCP to PCL ratios, except for the 0% β-TCP group. However, the average volume reduction differences between the E-beam and non-E-beam groups in the same-ratio samples were 0.76% (0% TCP), 3.30% (20% TCP), 4.65% (40% TCP), and 3.67% (60% TCP). The E-beam samples generally had more volume reduction in all experimental groups. Therefore, E-beam treatment may accelerate degradation. In our live micro-CT analyses, most volume reduction arose in the first four weeks after implantation and slowed between 4 and 20 weeks in all groups. E-beam groups showed greater volume reduction at every time point, which is consistent with the results by micro-CT analysis. Histology results suggest the biocompatibility of TCP/PCL composite filaments.

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Microscopic Mechanisms of Damage Caused by Degradants

Cited by 7 publications

References 334 publications

Polyolefins and Polyethylene Terephthalate Package Wastes: Recycling and Use in Composites

Polyolefins and Polyethylene Terephthalate Package Wastes: Recycling and Use in Composites

A Finite Element Investigation into the Cohesive Properties of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers with Nanostructured Interphases

The Influence of Electron Beam Sterilization on In Vivo Degradation of β-TCP/PCL of Different Composite Ratios for Bone Tissue Engineering

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