Microscopic study of freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi /><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">GeV</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:math>energy

Bravina, L.; Mishustin, I. N.; Bondorf, J.P.; Faessler, Amand; Zabrodin, E. E.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.60.044905

Cited by 78 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…One may consider in separate analyses more forward or backward fireballs with different parameters. The possible presence of a finite net strangeness at mid-rapidity, as suggested by a recent transport model calculation [44], could pose a special difficulty; this is not accounted for in our model. However, the effect is expected to be small enough to not cause a systematic bias of the extracted thermal parameters.…”

Section: Fits To Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 94%

Hadron production in central nucleus–nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out

2006

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We analyze the experimental hadron yield ratios for central nucleus-nucleus collisions in terms of thermal model calculations over a broad energy range, √ s N N =2.7-200 GeV. The fits of the experimental data with the model calculations provide the thermal parameters, temperature and baryo-chemical potential at chemical freezeout. We compare our results with the values obtained in other studies and also investigate more technical aspects such as a potential bias in the fits when fitting particle ratios or yields. Using parametrizations of the temperature and baryonic chemical potential as a function of energy, we compare the model calculations with data for a large variety of hadron yield ratios. We provide quantitative predictions for experiments at LHC energy, as well as for the low RHIC energy of 62.4 GeV. The relation of the determined parameters with the QCD phase boundary is discussed.

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Section: Fits To Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 94%

Hadron production in central nucleus–nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out

2006

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“…[47]. The various symbols (in vertical sequence) stand for temperatures T and chemical potentials µ B extracted from UrQMD transport calculations in central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions at 21.3 A·TeV, 160, 40 and 11 A·GeV [48] as a function of the reaction time (from top to bottom). The open symbols denote nonequilibrium configurations and correspond to T parameters extracted from the transverse momentum distributions, whereas the full symbols denote configurations in approximate pressure equilibrium in longitudinal and transverse direction.…”

Section: Thermodynamics In the T − µ B Planementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our arguments are based on a comparison of the thermodynamic parameters T and µ B extracted from the transport models in the central overlap regime of Au+Au collisions [48] with the experimental systematics on chemical freeze-out configurations [47] in the T, µ B plane. The solid line in Fig.…”

Section: Thermodynamics In the T − µ B Planementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[47]. The various symbols stand for temperatures T and chemical potentials µB extracted from UrQMD transport calculations in central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions at 21.3 A·TeV, 160, 40 and 11 A·GeV [48] (see text). The stars indicate the tri-critical endpoints from lattice QCD calculations by Karsch et al [49] (large open circle) and Fodor and Katz [7] (star).…”

Section: Thermodynamics In the T − µ B Planementioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of QGP Signatures — Ideas Versus Observables

Bratkovskaya

Bleicher

Dumitru

et al. 2004

Structure and Dynamics of Elementary Matter

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We investigate hadron production and transverse hadron spectra in nucleus-nucleus collisions from 2 A·GeV to 21.3 A·TeV within two independent transport approaches (UrQMD and HSD) based on quark, diquark, string and hadronic degrees of freedom. The enhancement of pion production in central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions relative to scaled pp collisions (the 'kink') is described well by both approaches without involving a phase transition. However, the maximum in the K + /π + ratio at 20 to 30 A·GeV (the 'horn') is missed by ∼ 40%. Also, at energies above ∼ 5 A·GeV, the measured K ± mT -spectra have a larger inverse slope than expected from the models. Thus the pressure generated by hadronic interactions in the transport models at high energies is too low. This finding suggests that the additional pressure -as expected from lattice QCD at finite quark chemical potential and temperature -might be generated by strong interactions in the early pre-hadronic/partonic phase of central heavy-ion collisions. Finally, we discuss the emergence of density perturbations in a first-order phase transition and why they might affect relative hadron multiplicities, collective flow, and hadron mean-free paths at decoupling. A minimum in the collective flow v2 excitation function was discovered experimentally at 40 A·GeV -such a behavior has been predicted long ago as signature for a first order phase transition.

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“…QGSM was successfully extended to the description of hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at energies spanning from several GeV up to energies available at RHIC and LHC, see, e.g., [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Our present study, however, deals merely with proton-proton collisions in the energy range 200 GeV ≤ √ s ≤ 14 TeV.…”

Section: N∆mentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic features of proton-proton interactions at ultra-relativistic energies and RFT-based quark-gluon string model

2017

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Abstract. Proton-proton collisions at energies from √ s = 200 GeV up to √ s = 14 TeV are studied within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. The model is based on Gribov's Reggeon Field Theory accomplished by string phenomenology. Comparison with experimental data shows that QGSM describes well particle yields, rapidity-and transverse momentum spectra, rise of mean �p T � and forward-backward multiplicity correlations. The latter arise in QGSM because of the addition of various processes with different mean multiplicities. The model also indicates fulfillment of extended longitudinal scaling and violation of Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling at LHC. The origin of both features is traced to short-range particle correlations in the strings. Predictions are made for √ s = 14 TeV.

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Microscopic study of freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at160AGeV/cenergy

Cited by 78 publications

References 45 publications

Hadron production in central nucleus–nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out

Hadron production in central nucleus–nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out

Review of QGP Signatures — Ideas Versus Observables

Basic features of proton-proton interactions at ultra-relativistic energies and RFT-based quark-gluon string model

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