Microscopy and diffraction with attosecond electron pulse trains

Morimoto, Yuya; Baum, Peter

doi:10.1051/epjconf/201920508008

Cited by 48 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Yet many coherent processes, such as the ultrafast screening of optical fields in metals [33], are unique to the solid-state. Thus, the ability to probe and characterize how coherent fields in the solid-state [34,35] drive nonlinear phenomena can enable fundamental studies and coherent control of electronic processes and interactions [2,4], as well as applications such as generation of ultrashort electron pulses [28,36,37] for time-resolved diffraction [38] and microscopy [39,40] with potentially attosecond time resolution [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Two-Dimensional Multiphoton Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Metal Surfaces

Reutzel

Petek

2019

Phys. Rev. X

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Light interacting with metals elicits an ultrafast coherent many-body screening response on sub-to few-femtosecond time-scales, which makes its experimental observation challenging. Here, we describe the coherent two-dimensional (2D) multi-photon photoemission study of the Shockley surface state (SS) of Ag(111) as a benchmark for spectroscopy of the coherent nonlinear response of metals to an optical field in the perturbative regime. Employing interferometrically time-resolved multi-photon photoemission spectroscopy (ITR-mPP), we correlate the coherent polarizations and populations excited in the sample with final photoelectron distributions where the interaction terminates. By measuring the non-resonant 3-and 4-photon photoemission of the SS state, as well as its replica structures in the above-threshold photoemission (ATP), we record the coherent response of the Ag(111) surface by 2D photoemission spectroscopy and relate it to its band structure. We interpret the mPP process by an optical Bloch equation (OBE) model, which reproduces the main features of the surface state coherent polarization dynamics recorded in ITR-mPP experiments: The spectroscopic components of the 2D photoelectron spectra are shown to depend on the nonlinear orders of the coherent photoemission process m as well as on the induced coherence n.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Two-Dimensional Multiphoton Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Metal Surfaces

Reutzel

Petek

2019

Phys. Rev. X

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“…As for the interaction strength, typical electric fields in the order of 10 100 MV/m  are sufficient for obtaining /2 g   , which was already shown several times in UTEM experiments (e.g., [13,[17][18][19]35,36]). As for the FSP lengths, they are on the order of 0.1 1cm  , which is also in the range of recent demonstrations in a UTEM [18] and even easier in other systems with different spatial constrains than the UTEM [26,27].…”

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confidence: 57%

“…2a), meaning letting the electron propagate freely between consecutive interactions with the laser. The propagation allows each energy component to accumulate phase at a different rate, as was demonstrated inside electron microscopes and other systems [18,26,27]. We can represent FSP as a matrix and get the propagation operator in the same energy-ladder basis: The practical importance of the FSP operation is two-fold.…”

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confidence: 99%

Free Electron Qubits

Reinhardt

Mechel

Lynch

et al. 2019

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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Free-electron interactions with laser-driven nanophotonic nearfields quantize the electrons' energy spectrum and provide control over this quantized degree of freedom.We propose to use such interactions to promote free electrons as carriers of quantum information and find how to create a qubit on a free electron. We find how to implement the qubit's non-commutative spin-algebra, then control and measure the qubit state with a universal set of 1-qubit gates. These gates are within the current capabilities of ultrafast transmission electron microscopy. We envision encoding multiple qubits on a single electron, as a scheme for quantum computation. Most platforms for quantum computation today rely on light-matter interactions of bound electrons, either in ion traps [1], superconducting circuits [2], or other systems [3]. These systems form a natural choice for implementing 2-level systems with their spin algebra, as well as inter-qubit communication. However, inherent difficulties arise when trying to scale-up such systems: Each qubit is defined on a different 2-level system, and the inter-qubit communication is limited by the topology of the multi-qubit structure.Instead of using bound electrons for quantum information processing, this work explores the possibility of using free electrons and manipulate them with femtosecond laser pulses in optical frequencies. Compared to bound electrons, free electrons give us a way to access high energy scales and short time scales. In addition, they possess quantized degrees of

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“…Also, as shown for LiD and HD, the asymmetry can be appreciable at larger momentum transfers. Since ultrafast electrons carry larger momenta than x-ray photons [72][73][74][75][76], they may be a better probe for exploiting this voc phenomenon in diffraction images.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violation of centrosymmetry in time-resolved coherent x-ray diffraction from rovibrational states of diatomic molecules

Shao

Starace

2019

Phys. Rev. A

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Owing to increasing applications of time-resolved coherent x-ray scattering for the investigation of molecular reaction dynamics, we develop a theoretical model for time-dependent x-ray diffraction from molecular and/or electronic motion in molecules. Our model shows that the violation of centrosymmetry (voc) is a general phenomenon in time-resolved diffraction patterns. We employ our theoretical model to illustrate the voc in time-resolved coherent x-ray diffraction from two oriented diatomic molecules undergoing ro-vibrational motion: lithium hydride (LiD) and hydrogen (HD). Our simulations show asymmetric x-ray diffraction images that reflect the directions of the molecular motions.

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Microscopy and diffraction with attosecond electron pulse trains

Cited by 48 publications

References 8 publications

Coherent Two-Dimensional Multiphoton Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Metal Surfaces

Coherent Two-Dimensional Multiphoton Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Metal Surfaces

Free Electron Qubits

Violation of centrosymmetry in time-resolved coherent x-ray diffraction from rovibrational states of diatomic molecules

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