Microscopy Observations of Habitable Space in Biochar for Colonization by Fungal Hyphae From Soil

Jaafar, Noraini Md; Clode, Peta L.; Abbott, Lynette K.

doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60703-0

Cited by 125 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Biochar has a large specific surface area and a large amount of porous structures, which can effectively improve the water retention and gas permeability of the soil. As such, biochar can help provide a better growth environment for soil microorganisms, help microorganisms avoid predators, and promote their rapid propagation [46,47]. It has been reported that after the addition of biochar, the transformation of microbial communities may be related to changes in nutrient conversion and utilization [19].…”

Section: Effects Of Biochar On Soil Microbial Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Effects of the Application of Biochar in Four Typical Agricultural Soils in China

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of biochar application on soils in the main tobacco-producing areas in China. The study was conducted in four study regions in China, where the same three experimental treatments were set up in each area, including a control (CK), a treatment involving the application of chemical fertilizer (F), and a treatment involving the application of biochar (B). We analyzed the basic physical and chemical properties, microbial diversity, and root system of tobacco plants. The results show that: Biochar increased the soil pH, which was most obvious in the study site in Shaowu City, Fujian Province (FUS), where the soil pH increased by 22.64% and 27.49% compared with soil under the CK and F treatments, respectively. Biochar increased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content, and increased the soil content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; this effect was most obvious in FUS. The root activity in plots treated with biochar increased by 6.95% and 13.72% compared to the CK and F plots, respectively. Similarly, the number of root tips increased by 89.76% and 21.48% compared to the CK and F plots, respectively. In short, biochar improved the physical soil structure, increased the soil pH, and promoted the effectiveness of soil nutrients. Furthermore, biochar improved the bacterial soil diversity, enriched the population structure of soil bacteria, and promoted the healthy development of flue-cured tobacco roots. However, the demand for and types of biochar suitable for use in different tobacco-planting soils need further study.

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Section: Effects Of Biochar On Soil Microbial Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Effects of the Application of Biochar in Four Typical Agricultural Soils in China

et al. 2020

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“…In many ways, biochar is analogous to activated charcoal and, in fact, is known to absorb phenolic compounds that are potentially toxic to mycorrhizal fungi (Braghiroli et al, 2018;Hameed and Rahman, 2008). The highly porous nature of biochars also may provide a physical niche for mycorrhizal hyphae and offer physical protection against fungal grazers (Jaafar et al, 2014;Pie-tik€ ainen et al, 2000;Warnock et al, 2007). Enriched nutrient patches from the biochar also could increase development (Cui and Caldwell, 1996), and temporary sorption and release of signaling compounds could amplify overall signaling in the rhizosphere and promote colonization in the roots in soil with biochar (Warnock et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amending Sandy Soil with Biochar Promotes Plant Growth and Root Colonization by Mycorrhizal Fungi in Highbush Blueberry

Sales¹,

Bryla²,

Trippe³

et al. 2020

horts

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Biochar, a carbon-rich, fine-grained residue obtained from pyrolysis of biomass, is known to improve soil conditions and to suppress infection by soilborne pathogens. However, its use as a soil amendment has received relatively little attention by the horticulture industry. Two 12-week experiments were conducted in a greenhouse to determine the potential of using biochar, produced from mixed conifers during conversion of wood to energy, as a soil amendment for highbush blueberry (Vaccinium hybrid ‘Legacy’). Plants in the first experiment were fertilized once a week with a complete fertilizer solution, whereas those the in the second experiment were fertilized once a month with a solution of ammonium sulfate. In both cases, the plants received the same amount of N in total and were grown in pots filled with unamended soil (sandy loam) or soil amended at rates of 10% or 20%, by volume, with biochar or a 4:1 mix of biochar and bokashi (biochar-bokashi). The bokashi was produced from fermented rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran and was added to increase nutrients in the amendment. Half of the plants in each soil treatment were inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, which causes root rot in blueberry. Although pH of the raw biochar was high (8.5), soil pH averaged 4.5 to 5.5 in each treatment. In the absence of P. cinnamomi, plants grown with 20% biochar or 10% or 20% biochar-bokashi had greater leaf area and 30% to 70% more total dry weight than those grown with 10% biochar or in unamended soil. Biochar also improved soil aggregation and increased root colonization by ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. The percentage of roots colonized by mycorrhizal fungi was 54% to 94% in plants grown with the amendments, but was ≤10% in those grown in unamended soil. Plants inoculated with P. cinnamomi were stunted and showed typical symptoms of root rot. Root infection by the pathogen was unaffected by biochar or biochar-bokashi and negated any growth benefits of the amendments. Overall, amending soil with biochar appears to be a promising means of promoting plant growth and mycorrhizal colonization in blueberry, but it may not suppress phytophthora root rot.

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“…Biochar, the product of different biomasses can provide an alternative sources of long-term C storage in soil to minimize climate variation by an enhancement in the biogenic C collection, decrease greenhouse gas emissions (Ubando et al 2014), restore soil fertility (Novak and Busscher 2013), amend soil physical properties such as pH, pore structure, surface area, and mineral matter (Jaafar et al 2014), enhance crop yield and productivity (Chintala et al 2014;Lashari et al 2014), and reduce N emission and leaching (Spokas et al 2012). Examples of the specific biochar properties accounted for these benefits are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Biochar Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar applications and modern techniques for characterization

Amin

Huang

et al. 2016

Clean Techn Environ Policy

158

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Biochar simply is the material produced when biomass undergoes any chemical processes under the conditions of pyrolysis. The variety of biomasses, including wood waste, agricultural crop leftover, organic waste, animal manure, and forestry residues, have been considered as raw material to produce biochar. Biochar is widely used for generation of heat and power and an addition to soils, in which it serves as a fertilizer and carbon sequestration agent. Also in the form of being activated, it finds significant role for various adsorption applications. The most beneficial use of a given char depends on its physical and chemical characteristics, even though the relationship of char properties to these applications is not well defined. Various widely used modern analytical techniques, which are applicable and crucial for biochar characterization, have been reviewed in the present work, such as solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy, X-rays diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, near edge X-rays absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Utilization of these modern techniques provides the quantitative as well as qualitative information, i.e., determining the sizes, shapes, and physicochemical characteristics of biochar, which is reliable to track changes in the carbon arrangement over reaction time and temperature, and will be useful for efficient production of biochar and application. It provides the useful information for the researchers in this area and is beneficial not only for the effective biochar production, but also for potential utilization/application, and not only for environment but also for agriculture.

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Microscopy Observations of Habitable Space in Biochar for Colonization by Fungal Hyphae From Soil

Cited by 125 publications

References 17 publications

RETRACTED: Effects of the Application of Biochar in Four Typical Agricultural Soils in China

RETRACTED: Effects of the Application of Biochar in Four Typical Agricultural Soils in China

Amending Sandy Soil with Biochar Promotes Plant Growth and Root Colonization by Mycorrhizal Fungi in Highbush Blueberry

Biochar applications and modern techniques for characterization

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