Microseparation of glycogen, sugars, and lipids

Handel, Emile Van

doi:10.1016/0003-2697(65)90014-x

Cited by 221 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Total protein was determined using a bicinchromic acid assay kit (Pierce & Warriner) using BSA as a standard, while glucose and ammonium concentrations were determined using modifications of the methods of Bergmeyer (1984) and Bolz & Howel (1978) respectively. Glycogen levels in the hepatopancreas (digestive gland) were determined using the anthrone method (Van Handel, 1965) using type II glycogen (Sigma-Aldrich) as the standard. All assays were performed in 96-well microtitre plates and absorbances read on a Anthos II plate reader.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel bacterial disease of the European shore crab, Carcinus maenas – molecular pathology and epidemiology

et al. 2007

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A novel bacterial disease of the European shore crab, Carcinus maenas -molecular pathology and epidemiology Several rickettsia-like diseases have been reported in arthropods (insects and crustaceans), some of which result in significant losses of economically important species such as shrimp and crabs. This study reports on the molecular pathology of a recently emerged disease of the European shore crab, Carcinus maenas, termed milky disease -named as a result of the unusual milky appearance of the haemolymph (blood). This disease was more prevalent (.26 %) during summer months when the water temperature in a pilot crab farm was approximately 19 6C. The putative causative agent of the disease was a Gram-negative bacterium that could not be cultured on a range of agar-based growth media. Diseased crabs showed significant reductions in free blood cell numbers and total serum protein. Such animals also displayed raised levels of glucose and ammonium in blood. Ultrastructural and in situ hybridization studies revealed that the causative agent associated with milky disease multiplied in the fixed phagocytes of the hepatopancreas (digestive gland), ultimately to be released into the haemolymph, where the circulating blood cells showed little response to the presence of these agents. Attempts to induce the infection by short-term temperature stress failed, as did transmission experiments where healthy crabs were fed infected tissues from milky disease affected individuals. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene from the milky disease bacteria indicated that they are a previously undescribed species of a-proteobacteria with little phylogenetic similarity to members of the order Rickettsiales. INTRODUCTIONThere is increasing interest in the likely effect of global climate change on diseases in both wild and cultured organisms (Harvell et al., 1999(Harvell et al., , 2002Lafferty et al., 2004). In particular, aquatic animals are highly sensitive to temperature change and it is widely accepted that elevated temperatures can lead to reduced oxygen tension in the water, higher microbial growth and immunosuppression, resulting in higher prevalence of disease (Le Moullac & Haffner, 2000). For example, brown trout in alpine rivers and streams have been found to show increasing prevalence of proliferative kidney disease caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae over the last 20 years (Hari et al., 2006). These increased temperatures drive the proliferation of T. bryosalmonae in its intermediate bryozoan host (Tops et al., 2006). Equally at very low water temperatures, some aquatic animals may become immunocompromised as a result of a failure of the immune system to mount an effective immune response to bacterial challenge (Chisholm & Smith, 1994).One potentially important result of climate change will be alterations in the effectiveness of aquaculture as a method of supplementing fish and shellfish for human and animal consumption taken from the wild (Alborali, 2006). Currently, it is thought that at least 15 ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel bacterial disease of the European shore crab, Carcinus maenas – molecular pathology and epidemiology

et al. 2007

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“…Carbohydrate was assayed using the anthrone method of Van Handel (1965), as modified by Djawdan et al (1996). The samples were reared and handled in identical fashion to the lipid-extracted group described above.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

RESOURCE ACQUISITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF STRESS RESISTANCE INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

et al. 1998

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Abstract.-Resistance to environmental stress is one of the most important forces molding the distribution and abundance of species. We investigated the evolution of desiccation stress resistance using 20 outbred Drosophila melanogaster populations directly selected in the laboratory for adult desiccation resistance (D), postponed senescence (0), and their respective controls (C and B). Both aging and desiccation selection increased desiccation resistance relative to their controls, creating a spectrum of desiccation resistance levels across selection treatments. We employed an integrative approach, merging data on the life histories of these populations with a detailed physiology of water balance. The physiological basis of desiccation resistance may be mechanisms enhancing either resource conservation or resource acquisition and allocation. Desiccation-resistant populations had increased water and carbohydrate stores, and showed age-specific patterns of desiccation resistance consistent with the resource accumulation mechanism. A significant proportion of the resources relevant to resistance of the stress were accumulated in the larval stage. Males and females of desiccation-selected lines exhibited distinctly different patterns of desiccation resistance and resource acquisition, in a manner suggesting intersexual antagonism in the evolution of stress resistance. Preadult viability of stress-selected populations was lower than that of controls, and development was slowed. Our results suggest that there is a cost to preadult resource acquisition, pointing out a complex trade-off architecture involving characters distributed across distinct life-cycle stages.

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“…The glycogen, sugar and lipid contents of individual adults of four mosquito species (Armigeres subalbatus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus) were estimated following standard methods ( VAN HANDEL 1965, 1985a, 1985b. Dead and dried mosquitoes were individually homogenized in 0.2 ml 2% sodium sulphate and a few drops of methanol in a 15×155 mm glass tube.…”

Section: Estimation Of Glycogen Sugar and Lipid Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative account of energy reserves in four co-occurring mosquito species in Kolkata, India (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mohan

Pramanik²,

Banerjee³

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Entomology

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ABSTRACT. Energy reserves in mosquitoes are an indicator of fitness, linking larval effort in resource acquisition with adult survival and fecundity. In other words, life history strategies and disease transmission potential can be related to the amount of energy reserves. The energy reserves of four mosquitoes -Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) -were calculated to justify species-specific differences in their life history strategies. Following repeated sampling of pupae from the respective larval habitats, the glycogen, sugar and lipid contents of individual mosquitoes were assessed and corroborated with pupal weight and adult wing length. Discriminant function analysis was used to acquire an initial reflection of the differences of the parameters among the sex and species of the mosquitoes considered in the study. Using logistic regression and ANOVA, the effects of species and sex as contributors to variations in energy reserves could be established. The results indicated that for all the mosquitoes, sex-specific differences were prominent with reference to the energy reserves. Species-specific differences in energy reserves reflect differences in resource acquisition and assimilation in the tissues, and thus the differences in the life history strategies of these four species.

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Microseparation of glycogen, sugars, and lipids

Cited by 221 publications

References 4 publications

A novel bacterial disease of the European shore crab, Carcinus maenas – molecular pathology and epidemiology

A novel bacterial disease of the European shore crab, Carcinus maenas – molecular pathology and epidemiology

RESOURCE ACQUISITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF STRESS RESISTANCE INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Comparative account of energy reserves in four co-occurring mosquito species in Kolkata, India (Diptera: Culicidae)

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