Microsporidia and Its Relation to Crohn's Disease. A Retrospective Study

Andreu‐Ballester, Juan Carlos; García‐Ballesteros, Carlos; Amigó, Victoria; Ballester, Ferrán; Gil-Borrás, Rafael; Catalán-Serra, Ignacio; Magnet, Ángela; Fenoy, S.; Águila, C. del; Ferrando-Marco, J.; Cuéllar, C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062107

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Both Immunocompromised and immunocompetent populations are affected with this infection, with data on microsporidia presence not only in HIV/AIDS patients [16], [17], [18] but also in HIV-negative patients including travelers [19], the elderly [20], organ transplant recipients [21], Crohn’s disease patients [22] and the immunocompetent population [23]. Similar to data described worldwide, E. bieneusi is the species most frequently identified.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Microsporidia Detection and Genotyping Study of Human Pathogenic E. bieneusi in Animals from Spain

et al. 2014

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Microsporidia are ubiquitous parasites infecting all animal phyla and we present evidence that supports their zoonotic potential. Fecal samples taken from domestic (cats and dogs), farm (pigs, rabbits and ostriches) and wild animals (foxes) from different provinces of Spain were evaluated for microsporidia infection by light microscopy and PCR. After Microsporidia species identification, E. bieneusi genotypes were additionally studied by sequence analysis of the ITS region. Eighty-five samples out of 159 exhibited structures that were compatible with microsporidia spores by Webeŕs stain with 37 of them being confirmed by PCR. Microsporidia species identified included E. bieneusi, E. intestinalis and A. algerae. We report the first diagnosis of E. intestinalis and E. bieneusi in ostriches and A. algerae in pigs. We also provide new information on the molecular characterization of E. bieneusi isolates both in rabbits and ostriches. All of the E. bieneusi genotypes identified belonged to the zoonotic group of genotypes (Group I) including genotypes A (dogs), I (pigs), D (rabbits and foxes) and type IV (ostriches). Our results demonstrate that microsporidia are present in domestic, farm and wild animals in Spain, corroborating their potential role as a source of human infection and environmental contamination.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Microsporidia Detection and Genotyping Study of Human Pathogenic E. bieneusi in Animals from Spain

et al. 2014

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“…On the other hand, it is widely accepted that microsporidia cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised subjects [38-40]. In a previous study [16], we demonstrated the presence of increased anti- Encephalitozoon specific IgE antibodies in the serum of patients with CD. The presence of these microsporidia was identified by PCR in 30% of the tissues of these patients, compared with its absence in healthy patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…These innate immune deficits make CD patients a group at risk of opportunistic agents involved as possible etiologic factors for CD [16]. B1 lymphocytes are part of innate immunity, which is related, as discussed above, with the pathogenesis of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B1a Lymphocytes (CD19+CD5+) Deficiency in Patients with Crohn’s Disease and Its Relation with Disease Severity

Gil-Borrás

García‐Ballesteros

Benet-Campos

et al. 2018

Dig Dis

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Background/Aims: B1a cells (CD19+CD5+) are considered elements of the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of B1a cells in the peripheral blood of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and its relation with disease severity. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 128 subjects (64 CD patients and 64 healthy controls) were studied. B1a cells in peripheral blood, CD Activity Index, and Simple Endoscopic Score of B1a cells were studied. Results: A significant decrease of B1a cells in peripheral blood was observed in patients with CD versus controls (p = 0.002), especially in perforating or penetrating patterns (p = 0.017). A lower frequency of B1a cells is related to increased endoscopic severity (Spearman’s Rho: –0.559, p = 0.004). The mean frequency of B1a cells in patients with pre- and post-study surgery was significantly lower than that in patients who did not undergo surgery (p = 0.050 and p = 0.026, respectively). Conclusions: The B1a cell count in peripheral blood is lower in CD patients. This decrease is directly related to the severity of the disease (penetrating or perforating, Simple Endoscopy Score and surgery complication). These results pointed to the fact that B1a cells play an important role in immune protection in CD.

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“…Although Microsporidia was detected within the mucosa in almost all cases including nIBD controls, it was only in the Crohn's disease group that there was a statistically significant increase within the submucosa as compared to the mucosa (p = 0.04). These findings may support microspordiosis as a compounding factor in Crohn's disease [ 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Microbial Population Differentials between Mucosal and Submucosal Intestinal Tissues in Advanced Crohn's Disease of the Ileum

et al. 2015

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Since Crohn's disease is a transmural disease, we hypothesized that examination of deep submucosal tissues directly involved in the inflammatory disease process may provide unique insights into bacterial populations transgressing intestinal barriers and bacterial populations more representative of the causes and agents of the disease. We performed deep 16s microbiota sequencing on isolated ilea mucosal and submucosal tissues on 20 patients with Crohn's disease and 15 non-inflammatory bowel disease controls with a depth of coverage averaging 81,500 sequences in each of the 70 DNA samples yielding an overall resolution down to 0.0001% of the bacterial population. Of the 4,802,328 total sequences generated, 98.9% or 4,749,183 sequences aligned with the Kingdom Bacteria that clustered into 8545 unique sequences with <3% divergence or operational taxonomic units enabling the identification of 401 genera and 698 tentative bacterial species. There were significant differences in all taxonomic levels between the submucosal microbiota in Crohn's disease compared to controls, including organisms of the Order Desulfovibrionales that were present within the submucosal tissues of most Crohn's disease patients but absent in the control group. A variety of organisms of the Phylum Firmicutes were increased in the subjacent submucosa as compared to the parallel mucosal tissue including Ruminococcus spp., Oscillospira spp., Pseudobutyrivibrio spp., and Tumebacillus spp. In addition, Propionibacterium spp. and Cloacibacterium spp. were increased as well as large increases in Proteobacteria including Parasutterella spp. and Methylobacterium spp. This is the first study to examine the microbial populations within submucosal tissues of patients with Crohn's disease and to compare microbial communities found deep within the submucosal tissues with those present on mucosal surfaces. Our data demonstrate the existence of a distinct submucosal microbiome and ecosystem that is not well reflected in the mucosa and/or downstream fecal material.

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Microsporidia and Its Relation to Crohn's Disease. A Retrospective Study

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Microsporidia Detection and Genotyping Study of Human Pathogenic E. bieneusi in Animals from Spain

Microsporidia Detection and Genotyping Study of Human Pathogenic E. bieneusi in Animals from Spain

B1a Lymphocytes (CD19+CD5+) Deficiency in Patients with Crohn’s Disease and Its Relation with Disease Severity

Microbial Population Differentials between Mucosal and Submucosal Intestinal Tissues in Advanced Crohn's Disease of the Ileum

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