Microsporidia: Biology and Evolution of Highly Reduced Intracellular Parasites

Keeling, Patrick J.; Fast, Naomi M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160854

Cited by 461 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 94 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

333

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The relationship of Microsporidia and fungi, supported by a body of evidence (for review see Keeling & Fast, 2002), is consistently recovered. Alveolates (ciliates+ Plasmodium) and the heterokont Ochromonas form a clade with the heterokont falling within the alveolates.…”

Section: Maximum-likelihood (mentioning

confidence: 83%

Foraminifera and Cercozoa share a common origin according to RNA polymerase II phylogenies

Longet

Archibald

Keeling

et al. 2003

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Maximum-likelihood (mentioning

confidence: 83%

Foraminifera and Cercozoa share a common origin according to RNA polymerase II phylogenies

Longet

Archibald

Keeling

et al. 2003

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Younger queens are more susceptible to N. ceranae infection than older queens. This age response could be interpreted as the young queen gut cells promoting the growth, development, and germination of N. ceranae (Keeling and Fast 2002). Nevertheless, Rinderer and Elliot (1977) indicated that the protein conditions of the host are critical for the development of N. apis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of host age on susceptibility to infection and immune gene expression in honey bee queens (Apis mellifera) inoculated with Nosema ceranae

Chaimanee¹,

Chantawannakul²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Apidologie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Nosema ceranae is a microsporidium parasite infecting honey bees worldwide. All colony members including workers, drones, and queens can become infected. In this study, we inoculated queens of age 1, 6, and 12 days post-adult emergence, with N. ceranae spores of different doses and allowed them to age an additional 12 days. The results indicated that younger queens were indeed more susceptible to N. ceranae inoculation than older queens. Moreover, this is the first report of the effects of N. ceranae inoculation on immune gene expression in queens of different ages. Our results demonstrated that the expression of genes related to the bee immunity apidaecin, eater, and vitellogenin in the gut and the remaining abdomen was different among queens of different ages when inoculated with N. ceranae. All three ages of queens inoculated by N. ceranae showed upregulation of apidaecin in gut tissue 6 days after inoculation, but only in queens aged 1 day post-emergence were the differences significant. However, transcript levels of eater were increased in all three ages of queens when sampled on day 12, and significant differences were obtained in queens inoculated at 6 and 12 days post-emergence. We clearly show that immune responses to N. ceranae changes as queen age and this knowledge may provide clues for understanding the ability of queens to resist infection by this gut parasite.Nosema ceranae / honey bee queen / Apis mellifera / supersedure / immunity

show abstract

“…Initial phylogenetic analyses based on nSSU rDNA (Vossbrinck et al, 1987) and EF-1a (Kamaishi et al, 1996) provided support for the early divergence of Microsporidia in the eukaryotic phylogeny. However, results of these studies were challenged by subsequent molecular analyses using other protein sequences, such as aand b-tubulin, and RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1), which support the relatively late ancestry of Microsporidia, implying a phylogenetic affinity to the Fungi (reviewed in Keeling and Fast, 2002). Furthermore, recent analysis based on a-and b-tubulin indicates that Microsporidia originated from within the Zygomycota (Keeling, 2003).…”

Section: Did Microsporidia Evolve From Within the Fungi?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary relationships among basal fungi (Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota): Insights from molecular phylogenetics

Tanabe

Watanabe

Sugiyama³

2005

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evolutionary relationships of the two basal fungal phyla Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota are reviewed in light of recent molecular phylogenetic investigation based on rDNA (nSSU, nLSU rDNA), entire mitochondrial genomes, and nuclear protein coding gene sequences (e.g., EF-1a a, RPB1). Accumulated molecular evidence strongly suggests that the two basal fungal phyla are not monophyletic. For example, the chytridiomycete order Blastocladiales appears to be closely related to the zygomycete order Entomophthorales. Within the Zygomycota, a monophyletic clade, consisting of the Dimargaritales, Harpellales, and Kickxellales, which is characterized by a shared unique septal ultrastructure, was identified. Moreover, evidence for the exclusion of zygomycete orders Amoebidiales and Eccrinales from the Fungi, and their placement at the Animal-Fungi boundary has been clearly documented. Microsporidia, a group of amitochondriate organisms currently under intensive study, is not supported as derived within the Fungi, but a fungal affinity cannot be ruled out. Taking these molecular phylogenetic studies into account, we proposed a hypothetical evolutionary framework of basal fungi.Key Words-Chytridiomycota; Fungi; Microsporidia; molecular phylogeny; nSSU rDNA; RPB1; Zygomycota J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 51, 267-276 (2005) Invited Review * Present address, and address reprint requests to: Dr. Junta Sugiyama, TechnoSuruga Co., Ltd. (formerly NCIMB Japan), Tokyo Office, Ogawamachi Kita Bldg. 4F, 1-8-3 Kanda Ogawamachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan. E-mail: jsugiyam@tecsrg.co.jp basal fungal phyla as suggested by accumulating molecular phylogenetic studies, especially emphasizing supra-ordinal relationships. Non-monophyletic nature of ChytridiomycotaCurrently, the Chytridiomycota contains five orders: the Blastocladiales, Chytridiales, Neocallimastigales, Monoblepharidales, and Spizellomycetales (Hawksworth et al., 1995). This classification scheme is based primarily on zoospore ultrastructure (Barr, 1990). Results of molecular phylogenetic analyses of rDNA sequences suggest that the Spizellomycetales, Neocallimastigales, and Monoblepharidales are monophyletic (James et al., 2000;Li and Heath, 1992), supporting the validity of the proposed chytrid higher-level taxonomy. The Chytridiales, however, appears to be polyphyletic as are some chytrid genera (e.g., Rhizophydium; James et al., 2000). rDNA analyses, however, have not resolved the interordinal relationships of the Chytridiomycota, which might be due to the lack of phylogenetic signal within rDNA sequences (James et al., 2000). Although taxon sampling has been limited, analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences has provided a clearer framework of chytridiomycete phylogeny. This analysis suggests that the Monoblepharidales branched earlier than a well-supported Chytridiales-Spizellomycetales lineage (Bullerwell et al., 2003a). In the mtDNA analysis, the phylogenetic position of the Blastocladiales is not statistically re- Barr (1980) a This classification sche...

show abstract

Microsporidia: Biology and Evolution of Highly Reduced Intracellular Parasites

Cited by 461 publications

References 94 publications

Foraminifera and Cercozoa share a common origin according to RNA polymerase II phylogenies

Foraminifera and Cercozoa share a common origin according to RNA polymerase II phylogenies

Effects of host age on susceptibility to infection and immune gene expression in honey bee queens (Apis mellifera) inoculated with Nosema ceranae

Evolutionary relationships among basal fungi (Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota): Insights from molecular phylogenetics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About