Microsporidian Genome Structure and Function

Keeling, Patrick J.; Fast, Naomi M.; Corradi, Nicolas

doi:10.1002/9781118395264.ch7

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…We prefer the name Rozellomycota over Cryptomycota, because (1) the phylum-level taxon Rozellida was described before Cryptomycota and (2) Rozellida hints to the type Rozella, whereas Cryptomycota hints to Cryptomyces, which is an ascomycete. Recent phylogenies indicate that Microsporidia are deeply nested within Rozellomycota (Corsaro et al 2014;Haag et al 2014;Keeling et al 2014;. To keep Rozellomycota a single monophyletic phylum, we consider microsporidians at the class (Microsporidea) level within this group.…”

Section: Updated Classification Of Holomycota Including Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses

et al. 2018

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High-throughput sequencing studies generate vast amounts of taxonomic data. Evolutionary ecological hypotheses of the recovered taxa and Species Hypotheses are difficult to test due to problems with alignments and the lack of a phylogenetic backbone. We propose an updated phylum-and class-level fungal classification accounting for monophyly and divergence time so that the main taxonomic ranks are more informative. Based on phylogenies and divergence time estimates, we adopt phylum rank to Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Glomeromycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota and Olpidiomycota. We accept nine subkingdoms to accommodate these 18 phyla. We consider the kingdom Nucleariae (phyla Nuclearida and Fonticulida) as a sister group to the Fungi. We also introduce a perl script and a newick-formatted classification backbone for assigning Species Hypotheses into a hierarchical taxonomic framework, using this or any other classification system. We provide an example of testing evolutionary ecological hypotheses based on a global soil fungal data set.

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Section: Updated Classification Of Holomycota Including Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses

et al. 2018

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“…They form environmentally resistant spores transmissible to new hosts through food or water Takvorian, 2004, 2014;Fayer and Santin-Duran, 2014). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that microsporidia are closely related to Fungi and are closely related to the Cryptomycota (Keeling et al, 2014;Han and Weiss, 2017). Over 200 genera and 1400 species of microsporidia have been described, and they are found in every major animal group including humans (Becnel et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human microsporidian pathogen Encephalitozoon intestinalis impinges on enterocyte membrane trafficking and signaling

Flores

Takvorian

Weiss

et al. 2021

Journal of Cell Science

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Microsporidia are a large phylum of obligate intracellular parasites. Approximately a dozen species of microsporidia infect humans where they are responsible for a variety of diseases and occasionally death, especially in immunocompromised individuals. To better understand the impact of microsporidia on human cells, we infected human colonic Caco2 cells with Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and showed that these enterocyte cultures can be used to recapitulate the parasites’ life cycle, including the spread of infection with infective spores. Using transmission electron microscopy, we describe this lifecycle and demonstrate nuclear, mitochondrial, and microvillar alterations by this pathogen. We also analyzed the transcriptome of infected cells to reveal host cell signaling alterations upon infection. These high-resolution imaging and transcriptional profiling analysis shed light on the impact of the microsporidial infection on its primary human target cell type.

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“…At the other extreme are the large, gene-sparse genomes of several phylogenetically distant species, such as Edhazardia aedis (≅ 50 Mb), Hamiltosporidium spp. (≅ 17-25 Mb), Nosema bombycis (≅ 15 Mb) and Anncaliia algerae (≅ 12-17 Mb) [6][7][8][9][10]. Despite showing an about 25-fold difference in size, the gene-sparse and gene-dense genomes only differ by a factor of 2-3 in the number of proteins they encode, and a large fraction of the noncoding regions in the gene-sparse genomes is populated by repetitive sequences, most of which have been identified as transposable elements [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transposable element abundance correlates with mode of transmission in microsporidian parasites

2020

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The extreme genome reduction and physiological simplicity of some microsporidia has been attributed to their intracellular, obligate parasitic lifestyle. Although not all microsporidian genomes are small (size range from about 2 to 50 MB), it is suggested that the size of their genomes has been streamlined by natural selection. We explore the hypothesis that vertical transmission in microsporidia produces population bottlenecks, and thus reduces the effectiveness of natural selection. Here we compare the transposable element (TE) content of 47 microsporidian genomes, and show that genome size is positively correlated with the amount of TEs, and that species that experience vertical transmission have larger genomes with higher proportion of TEs. Our findings are consistent with earlier studies inferring that nonadaptive processes play an important role in microsporidian evolution.

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Microsporidian Genome Structure and Function

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses

High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses

Human microsporidian pathogen Encephalitozoon intestinalis impinges on enterocyte membrane trafficking and signaling

Transposable element abundance correlates with mode of transmission in microsporidian parasites

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