Microsporidiosis: An emerging and opportunistic infection in humans and animals

Didier, Elizabeth S.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.01.010

Cited by 335 publications

(320 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…De las 15 especies de microsporidios identificadas en el hombre (Didier 2005, Choudhary y col 2011, Meissner y col 2012), solo Pleistophora ronneafiei pertenece a un género que incluye 26 especies (Lom 2002) descritas en músculos de peces. Sin embargo, actualmente se desconoce la fuente de infección humana por P. ronneafiei, sospechándose que corresponda muy probablemente a una especie de pez (Cali y Takvorian 2003, Liu 2011.…”

Section: Parásitosunclassified

Helmintos, myxozoos y microsporidios en músculos de peces comercializados frescos y su importancia como riesgo potencial para la salud humana en la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile

et al. 2014

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Arch Med Vet 46, 83-92 (2014) 83Helmintos, myxozoos y microsporidios en músculos de peces comercializados frescos y su importancia como riesgo potencial para la salud humana en la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile # Helminths, myxozoans and microsporidians in muscles of commercialised fresh fish and their importance as potential risk for human health in the city of Valdivia, Chile SUMMARYThe prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance, and mean density of infection by helminths, myxozoans, and microsporidians were determined in the muscles of southern hake, Merluccius australis (n = 104), pink cusk-eel, Genypterus blacodes (n =81), and snoek, Thyrsites atun (n = 95), all of them sold fresh in the city of Valdivia, Chile. Fish were examined on a candling table, with direct observation of the dorsal and ventral muscles (candling 1), in cuts 4 mm thick or less (candling 2), and on a glass plate compression. Prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance of infection, by all the identified parasites in each host, were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in hake and pink cusk-eel, compared with the snoek. Mean density of infection in the hake was higher (P < 0.05) than in pink cusk-eel; the latter had a higher (P < 0.05) density of infection than the snoek. All fish hosts showed parasites with potential risks to human health, such as Anisakis sp. types I and II or Pseudoterranova sp. Other parasites were also detected in each fish host: metacercariae of trematodes, Hepatoxylon trichiuri, Pseudoterranova sp., Anisakis sp. type I, Kudoa sp., and microsporidians in the hake; metacercariae of trematodes, Pseudoterranova sp., Anisakis sp. types I and type II, Corynosoma sp., Kudoa sp., and microsporidians in pink cusk-eel; and Molicola sp., Pseudoterranova sp., and Anisakis sp. type I in the snoek. Pseudoterranova sp. and Molicola sp. had the highest prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance, and mean density of infection in the pink cush-eel and the snoek, respectively. In the hake, the highest prevalence, mean abundance and mean density were determined for Kudoa sp; mean intensity of infection was highest for microsporidiosis.Key words: parasites, zoonoses, fish muscles, food. RESUMENLa prevalencia e intensidad, abundancia y densidad media de infección por helmintos, myxozoos y microsporidios fue determinada en músculos de merluza austral, Merluccius australis (n= 104), congrio dorado, Genypterus blacodes (n = 81) y sierra, Thyrsites atun (n = 95), comercializados frescos en la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile. El análisis fue realizado en mesa de candling, observando directamente la musculatura dorsal y ventral (candling 1), en cortes de 4 mm o menos de espesor (candling 2) y por compresión en placas. La prevalencia, intensidad media y abundancia media de infección, por el total de parásitos determinados en cada huésped, resultaron significativamente mayores (P < 0,05) en la merluza y el congrio, respecto a la sierra. La densidad media fue significativamente mayor (P < 0,05) en la merluza respecto al congrio y en este último resultó may...

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Section: Parásitosunclassified

Helmintos, myxozoos y microsporidios en músculos de peces comercializados frescos y su importancia como riesgo potencial para la salud humana en la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile

et al. 2014

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“…Prior to the middle of the 1980's only sporadic cases of microsporidia infections were well documented in humans (reviewed in Weber et al, 1994). Today, 14 species in eight genera have been described as human pathogens (Didier, 2005). Two species, both responsible for gastrointestinal diseases, Enterocytozoon bieneusi Desportes et al, 1985and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (Septata intestinalis Cali et al, 1993) Hartskeerl et al, 1995 were the most frequently involved in cases of human infection (Desportes et al, 1985;Hartskeerl, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

2008

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ummary :Human microsporidian infections have emerged following the onset of the AIDS pandemic. Microsporidia are unicellular eukaryotic parasites that form spores. They are an exceptionally diverse group of parasites that infect a wide range of eukaryotic cells in numerous invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Of the 14 species newly described as pathogens in human, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, which causes gastrointestinal diseases, is the most common agent of human infections. In the past fifteen years, E. bieneusi was also identified in environmental sources, especially in surface water, as well as in wild, domestic and farm animals. These findings raised concerns for waterborne, foodborne and zoonotic transmission. Molecular analyses of the 243-bp internal Transcribed spacer-(ITS) of the rRNA gene have revealed a considerable genetic variation within E. bieneusi isolates of human and animal origins, supporting the potential for zoonotic transmission. The focus of this revue is to present and discuss recent advances in diagnosis and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi infections.

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“…In our study prevalence rate of microsporidia in cancer patients is 18% and this result is similar with 21 57,58 . Conversely, humans infected with E. intestinalis transmit this species 12 . Moreover, E.bieneusi infects a wider range of both animals and humans; the genotype identified in currentsamples is M,J,D.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They may cause persistent diarrhea with mal absorption and weight loss, also asymptomatic infections have been reported in immunocompetent persons 9 . Microsporidia may present urinary, pulmonary or disseminate infections includingsinusitis, encephalitis, tracheobronchitis, nephritis, hepatitis, myositis, ocular and stromal keratitis, increasingly are identified by E. intestinalis spp Human microsporidiosis occurs worldwide, but data on the prevalence and geographic distribution of microsporidial infections are still incomplete and very diverse due to the use of different diagnostic methods, no specialized personal and the focus of parasitic studies on common parasites 12 . Microsporidia have been less reported among cancer patients worldwide 13 ; moreover, no studies have been conducted on the prevalence of Microsporidia in cancer patients in Iran despite its occurrence in HIV + population.…”

Section: Frequency Of Microsporidial Infection In Immunocompromised Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Microsporidial Infection in Immunocompromised Patients with Staining and Molecular Methods Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Gene in Two Cities of Southwest Iran during 2013-2014

Kazemi¹,

Tavalla²,

Maraghi³

et al. 2016

AJPRHC

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Microsporidiosisis anopportunistic infection frequently diagnosed in immunocompromised patients. Microsporidiosis causes symptomatic or asymptomatic infections immunocompromised/immunosuppressed patients may experience severe and disseminated microsporidiosis. Fecal samples were taken from 186 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (86) and cancer (100). Microsporidia spp. were detected 27.9% (24/86) and 11.6% (10/86) in HIV + patients, 18% (18/100) and 7% (7/100) of cancer patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and trichrome staining respectively. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in 28(66.7%) patients, while Encephalitozoon intestinalis was detected in 10 (23.8%) patients. Encephalitozoon cuniculi was detected in only one patient, while Encephalitozoon hellem was detected in three patients. Microsporidia was significantly higher in patients with diarrhea than those without diarrhea (P=0.001). CD4 T cells blood count was significantly lower (<200 cells/µl blood) in HIV+ patients with Microsporidia (P=0.001). Also, there was significant difference between contact with animals with positive results of HIV+ and cancer patients (P< 0.005). This study confirmed that PCR technique was more sensitive than trichrome staining for diagnosis. Moreover, intestinal microsporidiosis caused diarrhea in HIV+ and cancer patients. This influenced treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis of microsporidiosis is effective on treatment strategies.

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Microsporidiosis: An emerging and opportunistic infection in humans and animals

Cited by 335 publications

References 127 publications

Helmintos, myxozoos y microsporidios en músculos de peces comercializados frescos y su importancia como riesgo potencial para la salud humana en la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile

Helmintos, myxozoos y microsporidios en músculos de peces comercializados frescos y su importancia como riesgo potencial para la salud humana en la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

Frequency of Microsporidial Infection in Immunocompromised Patients with Staining and Molecular Methods Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Gene in Two Cities of Southwest Iran during 2013-2014

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